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Ecotoxicological Studies Indicate That Sublethal and Lethal Processes Limit Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux.

ABSTRACT: Merolimnic insects can accumulate and transport considerable amounts of aquatic contaminants to terrestrial systems. The rate of contaminant biotransport, termed insect-mediated contaminant flux (IMCF), depends on emergent insect biomass and contaminant accumulation, both functions of environmental concentration. We developed a mathematical model of IMCF and apply it to three ecotoxicological studies obtained through the US Environmental Protection Agency's ECOTOX database to determine at which concentration maximum IMCF occurs. Model results demonstrate that the maximum IMCF depends on competing rates of biomass loss and contaminant accumulation and does not necessarily occur at the highest insect or environmental contaminant concentration. In addition, modeling results suggest that sublethal contaminant effects (e.g., decreased growth) on insect biomass can be an important and potentially underappreciated control on IMCF. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1982-1992. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

SUBMITTER: Olson CI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10715375 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ecotoxicological Studies Indicate That Sublethal and Lethal Processes Limit Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux.

Olson Connor I CI Beaubien Gale B GB Otter Ryan R RR Walters David M DM Mills Marc A MA

Environmental toxicology and chemistry 20230417 9

Merolimnic insects can accumulate and transport considerable amounts of aquatic contaminants to terrestrial systems. The rate of contaminant biotransport, termed insect-mediated contaminant flux (IMCF), depends on emergent insect biomass and contaminant accumulation, both functions of environmental concentration. We developed a mathematical model of IMCF and apply it to three ecotoxicological studies obtained through the US Environmental Protection Agency's ECOTOX database to determine at which ...[more]

PMID: 36715411

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Project description:Microglia are involved in neuroinflammatory processes during diverse pathophysiological conditions. To date, the possible contribution of these cells to deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced brain inflammation and anorexia has not yet been evaluated. DON, one of the most abundant trichothecenes found in cereals, has been implicated in mycotoxicosis in both humans and farm animals. DON-induced toxicity is characterized by reduced food intake, weight gain, and immunological effects. We previously showed that exposure to DON induces an inflammatory response within the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) which contributes to DON-induced anorexia. Here, in response to anorectic DON doses, we reported microglial activation within two circumventricular organs (CVOs), the area postrema (AP) and median eminence (ME) located in the DVC and the hypothalamus, respectively. Interestingly, this microglial activation was observed while DON-induced anorexia was ongoing (i.e., 3 and 6 h after DON administration). Next, we took advantage of pharmacological microglia deletion using PLX3397, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-inhibitor. Surprisingly, microglia-depleted mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to DON since non-anorectic DON doses reduced food intake in PLX3397-treated mice. Moreover, low DON doses induced c-Fos expression within feeding behavior-associated structures in PLX3397-treated mice but not in control mice. In parallel, we have highlighted heterogeneity in the phenotype of microglial cells present in and around the AP and ME of control animals. In these areas, microglial subpopulations expressed IBA1, TMEM119, CD11b and CD68 to varying degrees. In addition, a CD68 positive subpopulation showed, under resting conditions, a noticeable phagocytotic/endocytotic activity. We observed that DON strongly reduced CD68 in the hypothalamus and DVC. Finally, inactivation of constitutively active microglia by intraperitoneal administration of minocycline resulted in anorexia with a DON dose ineffective in control mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that various populations of microglial cells residing in and around the CVOs are maintained in a functionally active state even under physiological conditions. We propose that these microglial cell populations are attempting to protect the brain parenchyma from hazardous molecules coming from the blood. This study could contribute to a better understanding of how microglia respond to environmental contaminants.

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Ecotoxicological Studies Indicate That Sublethal and Lethal Processes Limit Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux.

Publications

Ecotoxicological Studies Indicate That Sublethal and Lethal Processes Limit Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux.

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