Editorial: Road trip from mild to severe asthmatic inflammation: the traffic lights of biomarkers in asthma management.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Porpodis K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10724008 | biostudies-literature | 2023
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Editorial: Road trip from mild to severe asthmatic inflammation: the traffic lights of biomarkers in asthma management.
Porpodis Konstantinos K Tsiouprou Ioanna I Steiropoulos Paschalis P Gougousis Spyridon S Vliagoftis Harissios H Domvri Kalliopi K
Frontiers in medicine 20231130
Similar Datasets
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the association between kava use and the risk of four-wheeled motor vehicle crashes in Fiji. Kava is a traditional beverage commonly consumed in many Pacific Island Countries. Herbal anxiolytics containing smaller doses of kava are more widely available.MethodsData for this population-based case-control study were collected from drivers of 'case' vehicles involved in serious injury-involved crashes (where at least one road user was killed or admitted to hospital for 12 hours or more) and 'control' vehicles representative of 'driving time' in the study base. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires collected self-reported participant data on demographic characteristics and a range of risk factors including kava use and potential confounders. Unconditional logistic regression models estimated odds ratios relating to the association between kava use and injury-involved crash risk.FindingsOverall, 23% and 4% of drivers of case and control vehicles, respectively, reported consuming kava in the 12 hours prior to the crash or road survey. After controlling for assessed confounders, driving following kava use was associated with a four-fold increase in the odds of crash involvement (Odds ratio: 4.70; 95% CI: 1.90-11.63). The related population attributable risk was 18.37% (95% CI: 13.77-22.72). Acknowledging limited statistical power, we did not find a significant interaction in this association with concurrent alcohol use.ConclusionIn this study conducted in a setting where recreational kava consumption is common, driving following the use of kava was associated with a significant excess of serious-injury involved road crashes. The precautionary principle would suggest road safety strategies should explicitly recommend avoiding driving following kava use, particularly in communities where recreational use is common.
| S-EPMC4773145 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRoad trauma is a leading cause of death and injury in young people. Traffic offences are common, but their importance as a risk indicator for subsequent road trauma is unknown. This cohort study assessed whether severe road trauma could be predicted by a history of prior traffic offences.Methodology and principal findingsClinical data of all adult road trauma patients admitted to the Western Australia (WA) State Trauma Centre between 1998 and 2013 were linked to traffic offences records at the WA Department of Transport. The primary outcomes were alcohol exposure prior to road trauma, severe trauma (defined by Injury Severity Score >15), and intensive care admission (ICU) or death, analyzed by logistic regression. Traffic offences directly leading to the road trauma admissions were excluded. Of the 10,330 patients included (median age 34 years-old, 78% male), 1955 (18.9%) had alcohol-exposure before road trauma, 2415 (23.4%) had severe trauma, 1360 (13.2%) required ICU admission, and 267 (2.6%) died. Prior traffic offences were recorded in 6269 (60.7%) patients. The number of prior traffic offences was significantly associated with alcohol-related road trauma (odds ratio [OR] per offence 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.05), severe trauma (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.14-1.15), and ICU admission or death (OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.08-1.11). Drink-drinking, seat-belt, and use of handheld electronic device offences were specific offences strongly associated with road trauma leading to ICU admission or death--all in a 'dose-related' fashion. For those who recovered from road trauma after an ICU admission, there was a significant reduction in subsequent traffic offences (mean difference 1.8, 95%CI 1.5 to 2.0) and demerit points (mean difference 7.0, 95%CI 6.5 to 7.6) compared to before the trauma event.SignificancePrevious traffic offences were a significant risk factor for alcohol-related road trauma and severe road trauma leading to ICU admission or death.
| S-EPMC4406520 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Poor handover between doctors is a recognised cause of error in hospitals.[1] Watford General Hospital is a busy acute trust in southern England, where high admission rates necessitate timely patient transfers from the acute admissions unit (AAU) to the medical wards. We found that doctors were infrequently informed of patient transfers, and they rarely handed over patient care when a patient was moved. Our aim was to minimise preventable harm to patients by prompting handover of clinically unstable patients, and patients with outstanding investigations or referrals, at the time of transfer. We introduced a traffic light tool to categorise patients on the medical take as red, amber, or green according to their clinical status at time of admission to AAU. The traffic light colour, which was assigned both on paper and electronically, was designed to prompt a verbal handover between doctors at the time of patient transfer from AAU.
| S-EPMC4645829 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It is well established that short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants can exacerbate asthma, the role of early life or long-term exposure is less clear. We assessed the association between severe asthma exacerbations with both birth and annual exposure to outdoor air pollutants with a population-based cohort of asthmatic children in the province of Quebec (Canada). Exacerbations of asthma occurring between 1 April 1996 and 31 March 2011 were defined as one hospitalization or emergency room visit with a diagnosis of asthma for children (<13 years old) already diagnosed with asthma. Annual daily average concentrations of ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were estimated at the child's residential postal code. Satellite based levels of fine particulate (PM2.5) estimated for a grid of 10 km by 10 km were also assigned to postal codes of residence for the whole province. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox models with a gap time approach for both birth and time-dependant exposure. Of the 162,752 asthmatic children followed (1,020,280 person-years), 35,229 had at least one asthma exacerbation. The HRs stratified by age groups and adjusted for the year of birth, the ordinal number of exacerbations, sex, as well as material and social deprivation, showed an interquartile range increase in the time-dependant exposure to NO₂ (4.95 ppb), O₃ (3.85 ppb), and PM2.5 (1.82 μg/m³) of 1.095 (95% CI 1.058-1.131), 1.052 (95% CI 1.037-1.066) and 1.025 (95% CI 1.017-1.031), respectively. While a positive association was found to PM2.5, no associations were found between exposure at birth to NO₂ or O₃. Our results support the conclusion, within the limitation of this study, that asthma exacerbations in asthmatic children are mainly associated with time dependent residential exposures less with exposure at birth.
| S-EPMC4997457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeEosinophilic asthma (EA) and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) share similar eosinophilic airway inflammation. Unlike EA, EB did not present airway hyperresponsiveness or airflow obstruction. We aimed to compare the mechanism underlying the different manifestations between EA and EB via sputum transcriptomics analysis.MethodsInduced-sputum cells from newly physician-diagnosed EA, EB patients, and healthy controls (HCs) were collected for RNA sequencing.ResultsBulk RNA sequencing was performed using sputum cells from patients with EA (n = 18), EB (n = 15) and HCs (n = 28). Principal component analysis revealed similar gene expression patterns in EA and EB. The most differentially expressed genes in EB compared with HC were also shared by EA, including IL4, IL5 IL13, CLC, CPA3, and DNASE1L3. However, gene set enrichment analysis showed that the signatures regulating macrophage activation were enriched in EA compared to EB. Sputum cells were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing. FABP4+ macrophages, SPP1+ macrophages, FCN1+ macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, mast cells, and epithelial cells were identified based on gene expression profiling. Analysis of cell-cell communication revealed that interactions between FCN1+ macrophages and other cells were higher in EA than in EB. A wealth of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) interactions between FCN1+ macrophages and other cells have been shown in EA. The gene expression levels of EREG, TGFBI, and VEGFA in FCN1+ macrophages of EA were significantly higher than those of EB. Furthermore, signatures associated with the response to TGF-β, cellular response to VEGF stimulus and developmental cell growth were enriched in FCN1+ macrophages of EA compared to those of EB.ConclusionsFCN1+ macrophage activation associated with airway remodeling processes was upregulated in EA compared to that in EB, which may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction.
| S-EPMC10823142 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC1550738 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAn increasing number of children are exposed to road traffic noise levels that may lead to adverse effects on health and daily functioning. Childhood is a period of intense growth and brain maturation, and children may therefore be especially vulnerable to road traffic noise. The objective of the present study was to examine whether road traffic noise was associated with reported inattention symptoms in children, and whether this association was mediated by sleep duration.MethodsThis study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Parental reports of children's inattention at age 8 were linked to modelled levels of residential road traffic noise. We investigated the association between inattention and noise exposure during pregnancy (n = 1934), noise exposure averaged over 5 years (age 3 to 8 years; n = 1384) and noise exposure at age 8 years (n = 1384), using fractional logit response models. The participants were children from Oslo, Norway.ResultsAn association with inattention at age 8 years was found for road traffic noise exposure at age 8 years (coef = .0083, CI = [.0012, .0154]; 1.2% point increase in inattention score per 10 dB increase in noise level), road traffic noise exposure average for the last 5 years (coef = .0090, CI = [.0016, .0164]; 1.3% point increase/10 dB), and for pregnancy road traffic noise exposure for boys (coef = .0091, CI = [.0010, .0171]), but not girls (coef = -.0021, CI = [-.0094, .0053]). Criteria for doing mediation analyses were not fulfilled.ConclusionResults indicate that road traffic noise has a negative impact on children's inattention. We found no mediation by sleep duration.
| S-EPMC5698983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Th2, Th1 and Th17 biased sensitization against ovalbumin was achieved by immunization with Complete Freunds Adjuvant as opposed to alum-promoted Th2 biased sensitization. Bronchial inflammation was elicited by ovalbumin inhalation. T-cell, granulocyte and inflammatory mediator profiles in BAL and lungs were determined along with alveolar macrophage transcriptome profiling.
2010-06-30 | E-MEXP-2500 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal trends of characteristics of severe road traffic injuries in children and identify factors associated with mortality using a nationwide database in Japan.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2004 to 2018. We included patients with traffic injuries under the age of 18 who were hospitalized. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We evaluated trends in characteristics and assessed factors associated with in-hospital mortality using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 4706 patients were analyzed. The most common mechanism of injury was bicycle crash (34.4%), followed by pedestrian (28.3%), and motorcycle crash (21.3%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 11.2%. We found decreasing trends in motorcycle crash and in-hospital mortality and increasing trends in rear passenger seats in cars over the 15-year period. The following factors were associated with in-hospital mortality: car crash (aOR 1.69, 95%CI 1.18-2.40), pedestrian (aOR 1.50, 95%CI 1.13-1.99), motorcycle crash (aOR 1.42, 95%CI 1.03-1.95) [bicycle crash as a reference]; concomitant injuries to head/neck (aOR 5.06, 95%CI 3.81-6.79), thorax (aOR 2.34, 95%CI 1.92-2.87), abdomen (aOR 1.74, 95%CI 1.29-2.33), pelvis/lower-extremity (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.23-2.00), spine (aOR 3.01, 95%CI 2.02-4.43); and 5-year increase in time period (aOR 0.80, 95%CI 0.70-0.91).ConclusionsWe found decreasing trends in motorcycle crash and in-hospital mortality, increasing trends in rear passenger seats in cars over the 15-year period, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality such as type of mechanisms and concomitant injuries. Strengthening child road safety measures, particularly for rear passenger seats in vehicles, is imperative to enhance our dedication to injury prevention.
| S-EPMC11666704 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundChildren with severe asthma suffer from recurrent symptoms and impaired quality of life despite advanced treatment. Underlying causes of severe asthma are not completely understood, although genetic mechanisms are known to be important.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify gene regulatory enhancers in leukocytes, to describe the role of these enhancers in regulating genes related to severe and mild asthma in children, and to identify known asthma-related SNPs situated in proximity to enhancers.MethodsGene enhancers were identified and expression of enhancers and genes were measured by Cap Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) data from peripheral blood leukocytes from children with severe asthma (n = 13), mild asthma (n = 15), and age-matched controls (n = 9).ResultsFrom a comprehensive set of 8,289 identified enhancers, we further defined a robust sub-set of the high-confidence and most highly expressed 4,738 enhancers. Known single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, related to asthma coincided with enhancers in general as well as with specific enhancer-gene interactions. Blocks of enhancer clusters were associated with genes including TGF-beta, PPAR and IL-11 signaling as well as genes related to vitamin A and D metabolism. A signature of 91 enhancers distinguished between children with severe and mild asthma as well as controls.ConclusionsGene regulatory enhancers were identified in leukocytes with potential roles related to severe and mild asthma in children. Enhancers hosting known SNPs give the opportunity to formulate mechanistic hypotheses about the functions of these SNPs.
| S-EPMC11301366 | biostudies-literature