Dataset Information

Wild and cultivated olive tree genetic diversity in Greece: a diverse resource in danger of erosion.

ABSTRACT: The genetic relationships between Greek wild olive tree populations and cultivars were investigated. A total of 219 wild genotypes and 67 cultivar genotypes were analyzed by employing 10 SSR markers. Data evidenced that the wild populations exhibited high levels of genetic diversity and exclusively host 40% of the total number of alleles detected. Inbreeding was observed within populations, probably as a consequence of their fragmented spatial distribution. The genetic differentiation between cultivars and wild individuals, as well as within wild populations, was low. Nevertheless, three gene pools of wild trees were detected, corresponding to the geographical areas of Northeastern Greece, Peloponnese-Crete and Epirus. Most cultivars clustered in a separate group, while the rest of them formed a heterogenous group with membership coefficients akin to the three wild olive clusters. Regarding the history of olive cultivation in Greece, bidirectional gene flow was detected between populations of Peloponnese-Crete and the gene pool that composes some of Greece's most important cultivars, such as "Koroneiki" and "Mastoidis", which is inferred as an indication of a minor domestication event in the area. A strategy for the protection of Greek-oriented olive genetic resources is proposed, along with suggestions for the utilization of the genetically diverse wild resources with regard to the introgression of traits of agronomical interest to cultivars.

SUBMITTER: Tourvas N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10725918 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Wild and cultivated olive tree genetic diversity in Greece: a diverse resource in danger of erosion.

Tourvas Nikolaos N Ganopoulos Ioannis I Koubouris Georgios G Kostelenos George G Manthos Ioannis I Bazakos Christos C Stournaras Vasileios V Molassiotis Athanassios A Aravanopoulos Filippos F

Frontiers in genetics 20231204

The genetic relationships between Greek wild olive tree populations and cultivars were investigated. A total of 219 wild genotypes and 67 cultivar genotypes were analyzed by employing 10 SSR markers. Data evidenced that the wild populations exhibited high levels of genetic diversity and exclusively host 40% of the total number of alleles detected. Inbreeding was observed within populations, probably as a consequence of their fragmented spatial distribution. The genetic differentiation between cu ...[more]

PMID: 38111682

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Project description:BackgroundWith advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, an unprecedented amount of soybean accessions has been sequenced by many individual studies and made available as raw sequencing reads for post-genomic research.ResultsTo develop a consolidated and user-friendly genomic resource for post-genomic research, we consolidated the raw resequencing data of 1465 soybean genomes available in the public and 91 highly diverse wild soybean genomes newly sequenced. These altogether provided a collection of 1556 sequenced genomes of 1501 diverse accessions (1.5 K). The collection comprises of wild, landraces and elite cultivars of soybean that were grown in East Asia or major soybean cultivating areas around the world. Our extensive sequence analysis discovered 32 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (32mSNPs) and revealed a SNP density of 30 SNPs/kb and 12 non-synonymous SNPs/gene reflecting a high structural and functional genomic diversity of the new collection. Each SNP was annotated with 30 categories of structural and/or functional information. We further identified paired accessions between the 1.5 K and 20,087 (20 K) accessions in US collection as genomic "equivalent" accessions sharing the highest genomic identity for minimizing the barriers in soybean germplasm exchange between countries. We also exemplified the utility of 32mSNPs in enhancing post-genomics research through in-silico genotyping, high-resolution GWAS, discovering and/or characterizing genes and alleles/mutations, identifying germplasms containing beneficial alleles that are potentially experiencing artificial selection.ConclusionThe comprehensive analysis of publicly available large-scale genome sequencing data of diverse cultivated accessions and the newly in-house sequenced wild accessions greatly increased the soybean genome-wide variation resolution. This could facilitate a variety of genetic and molecular-level analyses in soybean. The 32mSNPs and 1.5 K accessions with their comprehensive annotation have been made available at the SoyBase and Ag Data Commons. The dataset could further serve as a versatile and expandable core resource for exploring the exponentially increasing genome sequencing data for a variety of post-genomic research.

Project description:Selenium is an essential micronutrient that provides important benefits to plants and humans. At proper concentrations, selenium increases plant growth, pollen vitality, the shelf life of fresh products, and seems to improve stress resistance; these effects can certainly be attributed to its direct and indirect antioxidant capacity. For these reasons, in the present work, the effects of selenium at different dosages on in vitro cultivated olive explants were investigated to observe possible positive effects (in terms of growth and vigor) on the proliferation phase. The work was carried out on four different olive cultivars: "San Felice", "Canino", "Frantoio", and "Moraiolo". The explants were cultured in aseptic conditions on olive medium (OM), with the addition of 4 mg·L-1 of zeatin, 30 g·L-1 of sucrose, and 7 g·L-1 of agar. The experimental scheme included a comparison between explants grown with five different concentrations of Na2SeO4 (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1) added to the medium during three successive subcultures. Interesting information has emerged from the results and all varieties responded to different concentrations of Selenium. The optimal Se dosages varied for each cultivar, but in general, Se concentration between 10 and 40 mg L-1 increased fresh and dry weight of the explants and shoot lengths. Se treatment induced in all cultivars and for all dosages used an increase in total Se content in proliferated explants. Furthermore, as the subcultures proceeded, the ability of the explants to absorb Se did not diminish. The Se content ranged from 8.55 to 114.21 µg kg-1 plant DW in 'Frantoio', from 9.83 to 94.85 µg kg-1 plant DW in 'Moraiolo', from 19.84 to 114.21 µg kg-1 plant DW in 'Canino', and from 20.97 to 95.54 µg kg-1 plant DW in 'San Felice'. In general, the effect of selenium tends to decrease with the progress of subcultures and this suggests a sort of "adaptation" effect of the explants to its presence. The present study highlights for the first time the possibility of using in vitro cultures as biotechnological support to study supplementation with selenium and its effects on in vitro olive plant growth.

Dataset Information

Wild and cultivated olive tree genetic diversity in Greece: a diverse resource in danger of erosion.

Publications

Wild and cultivated olive tree genetic diversity in Greece: a diverse resource in danger of erosion.

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