Optimising messages and images for e-cigarette warnings.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to have a single addiction warning, but many other health harms are associated with vaping and warnings grow stale over time. We aimed to develop new warning messages and images to discourage e-cigarette use.

Methods

Participants were 1629 US adults who vaped or smoked. We randomised each participant to evaluate 7 of 28 messages on newly developed warning themes (metals exposure, DNA mutation, cardiovascular problems, chemical exposure, lung damage, impaired immunity, addiction), and the current FDA-required warning (total of 8 messages). Then, participants evaluated images of hazards (eg, metal), internal harms (eg, organ damage) or people experiencing harms.

Results

SUBMITTER: Lazard AJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10733543 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature