Dataset Information

How Periodontitis or Periodontal Bacteria Can Influence Alzheimer's Disease Features? A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical Studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The negative effects of periodontitis on systemic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been widely described.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to gather the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking periodontitis to AD.

Methods

An electronic systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases was performed using the following PECO question: How can periodontitis or periodontal bacteria influence Alzheimer's disease features?". Only preclinical studies exploring the biological links between periodontitis and AD pathology were included. This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and the Syrcle and Camarades protocols were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results

After a systematic screening of titles and abstracts (n = 3,307), thirty-six titles were selected for abstract reading, of which 13 were excluded (k = 1), resulting in the inclusion of 23 articles. Oral or systemic exposure to periodontopathogens or their byproducts is responsible for both in situ brain manifestations and systemic effects. Significant elevated rates of cytokines and amyloid peptides (Aβ) and derivate products were found in both serum and brain. Additionally, in infected animals, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, hippocampal microgliosis, and neuronal death were observed. Exposure to periodontal infection negatively impairs cognitive behavior, leading to memory decline.

Conclusions

Systemic inflammation and brain metastatic infections induced by periodontal pathogens contribute to neuroinflammation, amyloidosis, and tau phosphorylation, leading to brain damage and subsequent cognitive impairment.

SUBMITTER: Salhi L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10741373 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

How Periodontitis or Periodontal Bacteria Can Influence Alzheimer's Disease Features? A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical Studies.

Salhi Leila L Al Taep Yaman Y Salmon Eric E Van Hede Dorien D Lambert France F

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 20230101 3

<h4>Background</h4>The negative effects of periodontitis on systemic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been widely described.<h4>Objective</h4>This systematic review aimed to gather the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking periodontitis to AD.<h4>Methods</h4>An electronic systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases was performed using the following PECO question: How can periodontitis ...[more]

PMID: 37927257

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Project description:BackgroundStudies investigating the association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested indirect (periodontitis would increase the circulation of inflammation-inducible molecules) and direct (periodontopathogens might colonize brains affected by Alzheimer's disease) pathways. While there seems to be a positive relationship between periodontitis and AD, concerns have been raised about the role of confounding.AimTo systematically review the literature to assess confounding and their level of heterogeneity in the association between periodontitis and AD. Also, to examine data reporting and interpretation regarding confounding bias.MethodsThis review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered within PROSPERO. Electronic searches were performed in seven main databases and three others to capture the "grey literature". The PECO strategy was used to identify observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies) assessing the association between periodontal disease and AD without restricting publication language and year. Critical appraisal was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Confounders were evaluated following a two-step approach.ResultsA total of 3255 studies were found, of which 18 (13 case-control, four cross-sectional, and one cohort) met the eligibility criteria. Participants with AD were 1399 (mean age 64 ± 9 to 84.8 ± 5.6 years), whereas those without AD were 1730 (mean age 62.6 ± 7.1 to 81.4 ± 4.6). Female patients composed most of the sample for both groups. The confounding variables "age" and "sex" were present in all studies. Four studies used the 2017 AAP/EFP periodontal classification. Most studies had a low risk of bias. Fifty percent of the articles did not consider confounding; variation in the adjustment approaches was observed. Additionally, 62% of the studies did not mention bias, and 40% did not discuss any limitations about confounders.ConclusionsGiven the study's limitations, caution must be taken to properly interpret the association between periodontitis and AD.Registration: CRD42022293884.

Project description:BackgroundsTo date, there is still no consensus about the clinical efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize clinical data regarding the efficacy of scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with RA and periodontitis compared to non-RA periodontitis patients.MethodsWe selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared periodontal clinical data in RA as compared to non-RA periodontitis patients by searching Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and by manually retrieving from the earliest records to March 8, 2021. The overall effect size of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), attachment loss (AL), probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were calculated by either a fixed or random-effect model, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to the different time points of follow-up. Two investigators extracted the data and assess the accuracy of the obtained results with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI). Cochrane Collaboration's tool was responsible for the evaluation of the literature quality and the inter-study heterogeneity was evaluated by Q test and I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses were applied for results with heterogeneity. Publication bias was determined by Begg's test, Egger's test and the trim-and-fill method.ResultsSeven RCTs including 212 patients eventually met the inclusion criteria for the study. As the primary results, the change of PD was not statistically significant and in the secondary results changes of PI, GI, AL and BOP were also not statistically significant in RA patients with periodontitis compared to non-RA periodontitis patients. In subgroup analysis, a larger BOP reduction at 3 months, PI and AL reduction at 6 months were observed in patients with RA and periodontitis group. The results of sensitivity analyses had no significant effect. No evidence of potential publication bias was tested. There were some limitations due to the small number of eligible RCTs.ConclusionsSRP is equally effective in RA as compared to non-RA periodontitis patients. It suggests RA does not affect the clinical efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy. These results could serve evidence-based practice.

Dataset Information

How Periodontitis or Periodontal Bacteria Can Influence Alzheimer's Disease Features? A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical Studies.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

How Periodontitis or Periodontal Bacteria Can Influence Alzheimer's Disease Features? A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical Studies.

Similar Datasets

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