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An updated review of epidemiological characteristics, immune escape, and therapeutic advances of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and other mutants.

ABSTRACT: The rapid evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of new variants with different genetic profiles, with important implications for public health. The continued emergence of new variants with unique genetic features and potential changes in biological properties poses significant challenges to public health strategies, vaccine development, and therapeutic interventions. Omicron variants have attracted particular attention due to their rapid spread and numerous mutations in key viral proteins. This review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive assessment of the epidemiological characteristics, immune escape potential, and therapeutic advances of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 variant, as well as other variants.

SUBMITTER: Liu Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10752979 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An updated review of epidemiological characteristics, immune escape, and therapeutic advances of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and other mutants.

Liu Zongming Z Li Jiaxuan J Pei Shanshan S Lu Ying Y Li Chaonan C Zhu Jiajie J Chen Ruyi R Wang Di D Sun Jingbo J Chen Keda K

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 20231214

The rapid evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of new variants with different genetic profiles, with important implications for public health. The continued emergence of new variants with unique genetic features and potential changes in biological properties poses significant challenges to public health strategies, vaccine development, and therapeutic interventions. Omicron variants have attracted particular attention due to their rap ...[more]

PMID: 38156316

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Project description:BackgroundLike its predecessors in the XBB family, XBB.1.5 is highly immune evasive from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and neutralizing antibodies generated by vaccination and/or infection. However, there is a lack of in vivo data on XBB.1.5 in animal models such as Syrian hamsters.MethodsSyrian hamsters (females) were used to examine airborne transmission along with virus replication of XBB.1.5 in naïve animals and human ACE2 hamsters with pre-existing immunity from a previous infection with Omicron BA.1. Assays were performed to determine neutralizing antibody responses, and virus titers were determined by standard plaque assays.FindingsUnlike earlier Omicron subvariants, such as BA.1 and BA.2, XBB.1.5 transmitted more efficiently in the hamster model. In addition, XBB.1.5 partially escaped BA.1-immunity from a previous infection with XBB.1.5 replicating in the nasal turbinate tissues and to a lesser extend in the lung tissues of previously infected hamsters.InterpretationOur in vivo data showing better airborne transmissibility of the Omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 than its predecessor, BA.2, in Syrian hamsters will allow researchers to further investigate amino acid substitutions that give XBB.1.5 a fitness advantage over BA.2 in transmission, data that may be important in studies of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in humans.FundingThis research is supported by grants from the Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT; 75N93021C00014), funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and by a Research Program on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (JP21fk0108552 and JP21fk0108615), a Project Promoting Support for Drug Discovery (JP21nf0101632), the Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure (JP22wm0125002), and The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA) grant (JP223fa627001) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.

Dataset Information

An updated review of epidemiological characteristics, immune escape, and therapeutic advances of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and other mutants.

Publications

An updated review of epidemiological characteristics, immune escape, and therapeutic advances of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and other mutants.

Similar Datasets

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