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Lack of association between HLA and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

ABSTRACT: Human genetic studies of critical COVID-19 pneumonia have revealed the essential role of type I interferon-dependent innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, an association between the HLA-B*15:01 allele and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals was recently reported, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing T cell-dependent adaptive immunity. We report a lack of association of classical HLA alleles, including HLA-B*15:01, with pre-omicron asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated participants in a prospective population-based study in the US (191 asymptomatic vs. 945 symptomatic COVID-19 cases). Moreover, we found no such association in the international COVID Human Genetic Effort cohort (206 asymptomatic vs. 574 mild or moderate COVID-19 cases and 1,625 severe or critical COVID-19 cases). Finally, in the Human Challenge Characterisation study, the three HLA-B*15:01 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed symptoms. As with other acute primary infections, no classical HLA alleles favoring an asymptomatic course of SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified. These findings suggest that memory T-cell immunity to seasonal coronaviruses does not strongly influence the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals.

SUBMITTER: Marchal A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10760282 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lack of association between HLA and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Marchal Astrid A Cirulli Elizabeth T ET Neveux Iva I Bellos Evangelos E Thwaites Ryan S RS Schiabor Barrett Kelly M KM Zhang Yu Y Nemes-Bokun Ivana I Kalinova Mariya M Catchpole Andrew A Tangye Stuart G SG Spaan András N AN Lack Justin B JB Ghosn Jade J Burdet Charles C Gorochov Guy G Tubach Florence F Hausfater Pierre P Dalgard Clifton L CL Zhang Shen-Ying SY Zhang Qian Q Chiu Christopher C Fellay Jacques J Grzymski Joseph J JJ Sancho-Shimizu Vanessa V Abel Laurent L Casanova Jean-Laurent JL Cobat Aurélie A Bolze Alexandre A

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20231208

Human genetic studies of critical COVID-19 pneumonia have revealed the essential role of type I interferon-dependent innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, an association between the HLA-B*15:01 allele and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals was recently reported, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing T cell-dependent adaptive immunity. We report a lack of association of classical HLA alleles, including HLA-B*15:01, with pre-omicron asymptomatic SARS-C ...[more]

PMID: 38168184

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Project description:BackgroundRecent data in nonpregnant individuals suggest a protective effect of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity.ObjectivesOur primary objective was to evaluate whether influenza vaccination was associated with COVID-19 severity and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among those infected with SARS-CoV-2. The secondary objective was to examine the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Study designSecondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort of pregnant people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March and August 2020, and a cohort of random deliveries during the same time period. The associations between 2019 influenza vaccination and the primary outcome of moderate-to-critical COVID-19 as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes were examined among all people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March and August 2020. The association between 2019 influenza vaccination and having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was examined among a cohort of individuals who delivered on randomly selected dates between March and August 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsOf 2325 people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 1068 (45.9%) were vaccinated against influenza in 2019. Those who received the influenza vaccine were older, leaner, more likely to have private insurance, and identify as White or Hispanic. They were less likely to smoke tobacco and identify as Black. Overall, 419 (18.0%) had moderate, 193 (8.3%) severe, and 52 (2.2%) critical COVID-19. There was no association between influenza vaccination and moderate-to-critical COVID-19 (29.2% vs. 28.0%, adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.90-1.34) or adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among those who tested positive. Of 8152 people who delivered in 2020, 4658 (57.1%) received the influenza vaccine. Prior vaccination was not associated with a difference in the odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection (3.8% vs. 4.2%, adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74-1.19).ConclusionPrior influenza vaccination was not associated with decreased severity of COVID-19 or lower odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy.

Project description:ImportanceReal-world evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is needed to understand the prevalence of infection in the Japanese population.ObjectiveTo conduct sentinel screening of the Japanese population to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic individuals, with complementary analysis for symptomatic patients as reported by active epidemiologic surveillance used by the government.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study of a sentinel screening program investigated approximately 1 million asymptomatic individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection between February 22 and December 8, 2021. Participants included children, students, employed adults, and older individuals, as well as volunteers to broadly reflect the general Japanese population in the 14 prefectures of Japan that declared a state of emergency. Saliva samples and a cycle threshold (Ct) value of approximately 40 as standard in Japan were used. Polymerase chain reaction testing for symptomatic patients was separately done by public health authorities, and the results were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan to complement data on asymptomatic infections from the present study.Main outcomes and measuresTemporal trends in positivity and prevalence (including surges of different variants) and demographic associations (eg, age, geographic location, and vaccination status) were assessed.ResultsThe positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1 082 976 asymptomatic individuals (52.08% males; mean [SD] age 39.4 [15.7] years) was 0.03% (95% CI, 0.02%-0.05%) during periods without surges and a maximum of 0.33% (95% CI, 0.25%-0.43%) during peak surges at the Japanese standard Ct value of approximately 40; however, the positive rate would have been 10-fold less at a Ct value of 25 as used elsewhere in the world (eg, UK). There was an increase in patients with a positive PCR test result with a Ct value of 25 or 30 preceding surges in infection and hotspots of asymptomatic infections.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population of Japan in 2021, as investigated by sentinel surveillance, a low rate of infection was seen in the Japanese population compared with reported levels elsewhere in the world. This finding provides real-world data on the state of infection in Japan.

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Lack of association between HLA and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Publications

Lack of association between HLA and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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