Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as second-line and third-line regimen for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study.

ABSTRACT: Despite the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is an unmet need regarding subsequent treatments in patients that fail ICI. Regorafenib is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, which could increase programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumors and increase intra-tumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration by normalizing the cancer vasculature and improving the efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody. Thus, we evaluated the combination of regorafenib and a PD-1 inhibitor for advanced HCC patients that had failed combined tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus ICI. Data of patients with advanced HCC who had failed combined TKIs plus ICI treatment and were a

SUBMITTER: Zhao J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10772671 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature