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Functional performance of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold: a pre-clinical in vitro tribological study.

ABSTRACT: Osteochondral grafts are used for repair of focal osteochondral lesions. Autologous grafts are the gold standard treatment; however, limited graft availability and donor site morbidity restrict use. Therefore, there is a clinical need for different graft sources/materials which replicate natural cartilage function. Chitosan has been proposed for this application. The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics and biotribology of a bioresorbable chitosan/chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral construct (OCC), implanted in an in vitro porcine knee experimental simulation model. The OCC implanted in different surgical positions (flush, proud and inverted) was compared to predicate grafts in current clinical use and a positive control consisting of a stainless steel graft implanted proud of the cartilage surface. After 3 h (10 800 cycles) wear simulation under a walking gait, subsidence occurred in all OCC samples irrespective of surgical positioning, but with no apparent loss of material and low meniscus wear. Half the predicate grafts exhibited delamination and scratching of the cartilage surfaces. No graft subsidence occurred in the positive controls but wear and deformation of the meniscus were apparent. Implanting a new chitosan-based OCC either optimally (flush), inverted or proud of the cartilage surface resulted in minimal wear, damage and deformation of the meniscus.

SUBMITTER: Cowie RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10776221 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Functional performance of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold: a pre-clinical <i>in vitro</i> tribological study.

Cowie Raelene M RM Macri-Pellizzeri Laura L McLaren Jane J Sanderson William J WJ Felfel Reda M RM Scotchford Colin A CA Scammell Brigitte E BE Grant David M DM Sottile Virginie V Jennings Louise M LM

Royal Society open science 20240110 1

Osteochondral grafts are used for repair of focal osteochondral lesions. Autologous grafts are the gold standard treatment; however, limited graft availability and donor site morbidity restrict use. Therefore, there is a clinical need for different graft sources/materials which replicate natural cartilage function. Chitosan has been proposed for this application. The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics and biotribology of a bioresorbable chitosan/chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteoch ...[more]

PMID: 38204795

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Project description:Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) constitute 60% of the content of the bone, and their combination has a better effect on bone tissue engineering than either single element. This study demonstrates a new degradable gelatin/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) bone scaffold loaded with both nano-HA and β-TCP (hereinafter referred to as HCP), and freeze drying combined with stir foaming was used to obtain highly connected macropores. Only a few studies have used these components to synthesize a four-component osteogenic scaffold. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of the nanocomposites. Three HCP/CMC/gelatin scaffolds were made with different HCP contents: group A (10 wt% HCP), group B (30 wt% HCP), and group C (50 wt% HCP) (the ratio of nano-HA and β-TCP was fixed at 3:2). The scaffolds were macroporous with a high porosity and pore connectivity, as observed by morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the pore size of groups A and B was more homogeneous than that of group C. There were no significant differences in physicochemical characterization among the three groups. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy test indicated that the scaffold contained active groups, such as hydroxyl, amino, or peptide bonds, corresponding to gelatin and CMC. The XRD results showed that the phase structures of HA and β-TCP did not change in the nanocomposite. The scaffolds had biodegradation potential and an appreciable swelling ratio, as demonstrated with the in vitro test. The scaffolds were cultured in vitro with MC3T3-E1 cells, showing that osteoinduction and osteoconduction increased with the HCP content. None of the scaffolds showed cytotoxicity. However, cell adhesion and growth in group B were better than those in group A and group C. Therefore, freeze drying combined with a stir foaming method may have a solid component limit. This study demonstrates a novel four-component scaffold via a simple manufacturing process. Group B (30% HCP) had the best characteristics for bone scaffold materials.

Dataset Information

Functional performance of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold: a pre-clinical in vitro tribological study.

Publications

Functional performance of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold: a pre-clinical <i>in vitro</i> tribological study.

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