Viscous fiber from oats and barley: keep them in your cholesterol-lowering portfolio.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Guarneiri LL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10777247 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Viscous fiber from oats and barley: keep them in your cholesterol-lowering portfolio.
Guarneiri Liana L LL Kirkpatrick Carol F CF Maki Kevin C KC
Annals of translational medicine 20231117 1
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Project description:BackgroundHigher intake of monounsaturated fat may raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without raising low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We tested whether increasing the monounsaturated fat content of a diet proven effective for lowering LDL cholesterol (dietary portfolio) also modified other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, specifically by increasing HDL cholesterol, lowering serum triglyceride and further reducing the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol.MethodsTwenty-four patients with hyperlipidemia consumed a therapeutic diet very low in saturated fat for one month and were then randomly assigned to a dietary portfolio low or high in monounsaturated fatty acid for another month. We supplied participants' food for the two-month period. Calorie intake was based on Harris-Benedict estimates for energy requirements.ResultsFor patients who consumed the dietary portfolio high in monounsaturated fat, HDL cholesterol rose, whereas for those consuming the dietary portfolio low in monounsaturated fat, HDL cholesterol did not change. The 12.5% treatment difference was significant (0.12 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.21, p = 0.003). The ratio of total to HDL cholesterol was reduced by 6.5% with the diet high in monounsaturated fat relative to the diet low in monounsaturated fat (-0.28, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.04, p = 0.025). Patients consuming the diet high in monounsaturated fat also had significantly higher concentrations of apolipoprotein AI, and their C-reactive protein was significantly lower. No treatment differences were seen for triglycerides, other lipids or body weight, and mean weight loss was similar for the diets high in monounsaturated fat (-0.8 kg) and low in monounsaturated fat (-1.2 kg).InterpretationMonounsaturated fat increased the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering dietary portfolio, despite statin-like reductions in LDL cholesterol. The potential benefits for cardiovascular risk were achieved through increases in HDL cholesterol, further reductions in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and reductions in C-reactive protein. (ClinicalTrials.gov trial register no. NCT00430430.).
| S-EPMC3001502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio including plant sterols (PS), viscous fibre, soy proteins and nuts for 6 months improves blood lipid profile. Plant sterols reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and concerns have been raised whether PS consumption reduces fat soluble vitamin absorption.The objective was to determine effects of consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio on circulating concentrations of PS and fat soluble vitamins.Using a parallel design study, 351 hyperlipidemic participants from 4 centres across Canada were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Participants followed dietary advice with control or portfolio diet. Participants on routine and intensive portfolio involved 2 and 7 clinic visits, respectively, over 6 months.No changes in plasma concentrations of ? and ? tocopherol, lutein, lycopene and retinol, but decreased ?-carotene concentrations were observed with intensive (week 12: p?=?0.045; week 24: p?=?0.039) and routine (week 12: p?=?0.031; week 24: p?=?0.078) portfolio groups compared to control. However, cholesterol adjusted ?-carotene and fat soluble compound concentrations were not different compared to control. Plasma PS concentrations were increased with intensive (campesterol:p?=?0.012; ?-sitosterol:p?=?0.035) and routine (campesterol: p?=?0.034; ?-sitosterol: p?=?0.080) portfolio groups compared to control. Plasma cholesterol-adjusted campesterol and ?-sitosterol concentrations were negatively correlated (p?<?0.001) with total and LDL-C levels.Results demonstrate that consuming a portfolio diet reduces serum total and LDL-C levels while increasing PS values, without altering fat soluble compounds concentrations. The extent of increments of PS with the current study are not deleterious and also maintaining optimum levels of fat soluble vitamins are of paramount necessity to maintain overall metabolism and health. Results indicate portfolio diet as one of the best options for CVD risk reduction.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438425.
| S-EPMC4223745 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pure oats are generally accepted to be safe for most celiac patients, and consumption of oats provides advantageous dietary fibers. However, oats can be contaminated by gluten proteins from wheat, barley, and/or rye. The analytical challenge lies in the reliability of the quantification method and how to maintain the contamination level under a gluten-free food threshold of 20 mg/kg. In this study, we investigated barley-spiked oat flour samples at four levels using four gluten ELISA kits. The largest recovery variance was with the R5 kit that gave 5-6 times overestimation; the G12 kit cross-reacted with oat proteins and gave 4-5 times overestimation at all spiked levels. The Total Gluten and Morinaga kits gave satisfactory recoveries. Total barley hordeins were isolated and characterized to be used as a common calibrator in all four kits aiming at harmonizing the results and to test the kits' performance. Immunoblotting of total hordein isolate revealed that Total Gluten and Morinaga antibodies provided an overall detection, while R5 and G12 antibodies recognized specific hordein groups leading to a larger difference when wheat and barley were used as the calibrant. Calibration with total hordein isolate corrected the overestimation problem and decreased the variability between the four gluten kits.
| S-EPMC8880376 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6865332 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10777244 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7566933 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundA cholesterol-lowering diet score was previously developed for epidemiological studies; its association with serum lipid profile was not confirmed yet.MethodsThe score was developed as an adaptation of the dietary portfolio for cholesterol reduction, assigning one point for adherence to seven dietary indicators and ranging from 0 (null adherence) to 7 (highest adherence). The score was calculated for breast cancer patients enrolled in the DEDiCa study using a 7-day food record; serum lipid profile, including total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), was evaluated in serum at baseline.ResultsPatients with the highest adherence to the cholesterol-lowering diet (i.e., score ≥ 4) reported lower LDL-C level than women with score 0-1 (median: 107 mg/dL and 122 mg/dL, respectively; p < 0.01). The proportion of women with LDL-C above the recommended limit of 116 mg/dL was 60.0% with score 0-1 and 42.6% with score ≥4. Although the score directly correlates with consumption of foods from vegetal sources, it was mildly associated with the healthful plant-based diet index (r-Spearman = 0.51) and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (r-Spearman = 0.30) Conclusions: These results provide experimental evidence that the cholesterol-lowering diet score is capable of detecting a specific plant-based dietary pattern that affects circulating cholesterol levels.
| S-EPMC10892311 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels, known for regulating plasma cholesterol by degrading LDL receptors, correlate with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk. Recent studies suggest that PCSK9 improves cardiac function beyond LDL cholesterol levels after cardiac ischemic injury, but the precise role of PCSK9 in this process is not clarified yet. Our study reveals that PCSK9 deficiency induces heterogeneous changes in myeloid cells and macrophages, potentially protecting the heart in AMI regardless of LDL cholesterol homeostasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies PCSK9-dependent cardiac macrophages (PDCMs) as reparative macrophages enriched in activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor (TF)-related pathways. PDCMs enhance VEGF-C secretion and activate Akt signalling in cardiac endothelial cells, improving cardiac remodelling. Indeed, PCSK9 inhibitor-treated coronary artery disease (CAD) patients show increased myeloid cells with PDCM-like features. In sum, targeting myeloid-PCSK9 may offer cardio-protective effects through increased AP-1 activity and VEGF-C expression, providing a novel approach to prevent cardiac dysfunction in AMI.
2025-07-01 | GSE285004 | GEO
Project description:Study of the effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapies on the heterogeneous population of proliferating smooth muscle cells (SMCs) derived from atherosclerotic plaques in an atherosclerotic mouse model by inducing hypercholesterolemia followed by high or low fat diet.
2023-12-08 | E-MTAB-12019 | biostudies-arrayexpress