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Optimization of Flow Channels in a PEM Fuel Cell Based on a Multiobjective Evaluation.

ABSTRACT: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are known for their cleanliness and high efficiency. However, the limited energy density and high cost are the main obstacles to this technology. This study aims to overcome these challenges and enhance the overall performance of the PEMFC. Five types of PEMFCs with different blockages are proposed and simulated in this study. Afterward, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is performed as a multiobjective evaluation. This study shows that the nozzle effect in the channel enhances the mass transfer of PEMFC and improves water and thermal management, resulting in a reduction of liquid water by up to 35.8%. The blockages benefit the output performance of the PEMFC. For example, the elliptical blockage shows the highest improvement in electrochemical conversion efficiency at 3.42%. The TOPSIS examines indices of power, exergy, economy, environment, and water and thermal management. The multiobjective evaluation shows that the elliptical blockage is more beneficial for PEMFC. This study provides an optimized design of the PEMFC flow channel and a new perspective to evaluate the structural improvement of PEMFC.

SUBMITTER: Jiang D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10785609 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optimization of Flow Channels in a PEM Fuel Cell Based on a Multiobjective Evaluation.

Jiang Dong D Wang Fangzhou F Li Xianglin X Li Xianglin X Tan Jianyu J Wang Chenxia C

ACS omega 20231222 1

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are known for their cleanliness and high efficiency. However, the limited energy density and high cost are the main obstacles to this technology. This study aims to overcome these challenges and enhance the overall performance of the PEMFC. Five types of PEMFCs with different blockages are proposed and simulated in this study. Afterward, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is performed as a multiobjective ...[more]

PMID: 38222584

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Project description:Efforts in design and optimization of catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells hinge on mathematical models that link electrode composition and microstructure with effective physico-chemical properties. A pivotal property of these layers and the focus of this work is the proton conductivity, which is largely determined by the morphology of the ionomer. However, available relations between catalyst layer composition and proton conductivity are often adopted from general theories for random heterogeneous media and ignore specific features of the microstructure, e.g., agglomerates, film-like structures, or the hierarchical porous network. To establish a comprehensive understanding of the peculiar structure-property relations, we generated synthetic volumetric images of the catalyst layer microstructure. In a mesoscopic volume element, we modeled the electrolyte phase and calculated the proton conductivity using numerical tools. Varying the ionomer morphology in terms of ionomer film coverage and thickness revealed two limiting cases: the ionomer can either form a thin film with high coverage on the catalyst agglomerates; or the ionomer exists as voluminous chunks that connect across the inter-agglomerate space. Both cases were modeled analytically, adapting relations from percolation theory. Based on the simulated data, a novel relation is proposed, which links the catalyst layer microstructure to the proton conductivity over a wide range of morphologies. The presented analytical approach is a versatile tool for the interpretation of experimental trends and it provides valuable guidance for catalyst layer design. The proposed model was used to analyze the formation of the catalyst layer microstructure during the ink stage. A parameter study of the initial ionomer film thickness and the ionomer dispersion parameter revealed that the ionomer morphology should be tweaked towards well-defined films with high coverage of catalyst agglomerates. These implications match current efforts in the experimental literature and they may thus provide direction in electrode materials research for polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Dataset Information

Optimization of Flow Channels in a PEM Fuel Cell Based on a Multiobjective Evaluation.

Publications

Optimization of Flow Channels in a PEM Fuel Cell Based on a Multiobjective Evaluation.

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