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An environmental justice analysis of air pollution emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2010.


ABSTRACT: Over the last decades, air pollution emissions have decreased substantially; however, inequities in air pollution persist. We evaluate county-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in emissions changes from six air pollution source sectors (industry [SO2], energy [SO2, NOx], agriculture [NH3], commercial [NOx], residential [particulate organic carbon], and on-road transportation [NOx]) in the contiguous United States during the 40 years following the Clean Air Act (CAA) enactment (1970-2010). We calculate relative emission changes and examine the differential changes given county demographics using hierarchical nested models. The results show racial/ethnic disparities, particularly in the industry and energy generation source sectors. We also find that median family income is a driver of variation in relative emissions changes in all sectors-counties with median family income >$75 K vs. less generally experience larger relative declines in industry, energy, transportation, residential, and commercial-related emissions. Emissions from most air pollution source sectors have, on a national level, decreased following the United States CAA. In this work, we show that the relative reductions in emissions varied across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

SUBMITTER: Nunez Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10794183 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An environmental justice analysis of air pollution emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2010.

Nunez Yanelli Y   Benavides Jaime J   Shearston Jenni A JA   Krieger Elena M EM   Daouda Misbath M   Henneman Lucas R F LRF   McDuffie Erin E EE   Goldsmith Jeff J   Casey Joan A JA   Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna MA  

Nature communications 20240117 1


Over the last decades, air pollution emissions have decreased substantially; however, inequities in air pollution persist. We evaluate county-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in emissions changes from six air pollution source sectors (industry [SO<sub>2</sub>], energy [SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>], agriculture [NH<sub>3</sub>], commercial [NO<sub>x</sub>], residential [particulate organic carbon], and on-road transportation [NO<sub>x</sub>]) in the contiguous United States du  ...[more]

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