Dataset Information

Transcriptome analysis of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) gills in response to ammonia stress.

ABSTRACT: The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important commercial species in China. E. sinensis is typically farmed in rice-crab symbiosis, as an important ecological farming model. However, E. sinensis is often exposed to a high ammonia environment due to the application of nitrogen fertilizers essential for rice growth. We investigated the molecular mechanisms in the gills of E. sinensis exposed to high ammonia at transcriptional and histological levels. We randomly assigned E. sinensis to two groups (control group, CG; ammonia stress group, AG), and gill samples were excised from the CG and AG groups for histopathological and transcriptome analyses. The histopathological evaluation revealed that ammonia stress damaged the gills of E. sinensis. The transcriptome analysis showed that some essential genes, including Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 (UCHL3), O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), Cathepsin B (CTSB), and Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 W (UBE2W) changed significantly during ammonia exposure. These genes are related to ammonia detoxification, the immune response, and apoptosis. This study demonstrated the molecular response mechanism of E. sinensis gills to ammonia stress at the transcriptional and histological levels. This study provides insight for further study on the molecular mechanism of ammonia stress in crustaceans and supplies technical support for rice crab symbiosis.

SUBMITTER: Wang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10798153 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptome analysis of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) gills in response to ammonia stress.

Wang Zhengfei Z Wang Yue Y Guan Yayun Y Chen Zhuofan Z Zhai Yaotong Y Wu Ya Y Zhou Ying Y Hu Jinghao J Chen Lulu L

PeerJ 20240116

The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important commercial species in China. E. sinensis is typically farmed in rice-crab symbiosis, as an important ecological farming model. However, E. sinensis is often exposed to a high ammonia environment due to the application of nitrogen fertilizers essential for rice growth. We investigated the molecular mechanisms in the gills of E. sinensis exposed to high ammonia at transcriptional and histological levels. We ra ...[more]

PMID: 38250716

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Project description:Environmental hypoxia represents a major physiological challenge for Eriocheir sinensis and Palaemonetes sinensis and is a severe problem in aquaculture. Therefore, understanding the metabolic response mechanisms of E. sinensis and P. sinensis, which are economically important species, to environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation is essential. However, little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms by which E. sinensis and P. sinensis cope with environmental hypoxia at the metabolic level. Hypoxia-reoxygenation represents an important physiological challenge for their culture. In this study, respiratory metabolism and respiratory metabolic enzymes of E. sinensis and P. sinensis were evaluated after different hypoxia and reoxygenation times. The results showed that environmental hypoxia had a dramatic influence on the respiratory metabolism and activities of related enzymes. The oxygen consumption rates (OCR) significantly increased as hypoxia time increased, while the ammonia excretion rate (AER) was significantly lower than that in the control group after 8 h hypoxia. The oxygen to nitrogen ratio (O:N) in the control group was <16, indicating that all the energy substrates were proteins. After environmental hypoxia, the O:N significantly increased, and the energy substrate shifted from protein to a protein-lipid mixture. The OCR, AER, and O:N did not restore to initial levels after 2 h or 12 h reoxygenation and was still the same as after 8 h hypoxia. As environmental hypoxia time increased, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gradually decreased and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gradually increased. Both SDH and LDH were gradually restored to normal levels after reoxygenation. Therefore, environmental hypoxia should be avoided as much as possible during aquaculture breeding of E. sinensis and P. sinensis. Further, since OCR will significantly increase after a short period of reoxygenation, secondary environmental hypoxia due to rapid consumption of oxygen should also be avoided in aquaculture.

Project description:Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species and is a model species for research on the mechanism of molting. This study aimed to identify important candidate genes associated with the molting process and to determine the role of gills in the regulation of molting with the help of transcriptomic analysis. The transcriptomes of crabs at different molting stages-postmolt (PoM), intermolt (InM), premolt (PrM) and ecdysis (E)-were de novo assembled to generate 246,232 unigenes with a mean length of 851 bp. A total of 86,634 unigenes (35.18% of the total unigenes) were annotated against reference databases. Significantly upregulated genes were identified in postmolt compared to intermolt (1,475), intermolt compared to premolt (65), premolt compared to ecdysis (1,352), and ecdysis compared to postmolt (153), and the corresponding numbers of downregulated genes were 1,276, 32, 1,573 and 171, respectively. Chitin synthase, endochitinase, chitinase A, chitinase 3, chitinase 6 and chitin deacetylase 1 were upregulated during the postmolt and ecdysis stages, while phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase (GNPDA) and glucosamine glycoside hydrolase (nagZ) were upregulated during the intermolt and premolt stages compared to the other stages. The upregulated genes were enriched in several lipid-related metabolic pathways, such as "fatty acid elongation", "glycerophospholipid metabolism" and "sulfur metabolism". Meanwhile, three signaling pathways, including the "phosphatidylinositol signaling system", the "calcium signaling pathway" and the "GnRH signaling pathway" were also enriched. Tetraspanin-18, an important effector gene in the lysosomal pathway involved in cell apoptosis, up-regulate with the beginning of molting (in premolt stage) and reach the top in the ecdysis stage, and barely expressed in the intermolt stage. The expression variations in the tetraspanin-18 gene indicated that it may play an important role in the beginning of molting cycle, which might be regulated by the stress of salinity. This study revealed that the gills could participate in chitin degradation, in reestablishment of the exoskeleton and the signaling process. Based on transcriptomic analysis of the gills, we not only explored novel molecular mechanisms of molting in E. sinensis but also acquired foundational genetic data for E. sinensis.

Dataset Information

Transcriptome analysis of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) gills in response to ammonia stress.

Publications

Transcriptome analysis of Chinese mitten crabs (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) gills in response to ammonia stress.

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