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Upstream cascade reservoirs drive temporal beta diversity increases through species loss in a dammed river.

ABSTRACT: Changes in the biodiversity of aquatic environments over time and space due to human activities are a topic of theoretical and conservational interest in ecology. Thus, variation in taxonomic beta diversity of the planktonic ciliates community was investigated along a temporal and spatial gradient in two subsystems of a Neotropical floodplain, one impacted by dams (Paraná) and the other free of them along its course (Ivinhema). For the spatial analysis, the Paraná subsystem did not show a significant decrease in beta diversity, presenting a pattern like that observed for the Ivinhema subsystem. Therefore, biotic homogenization was not observed for the ciliate's community downstream of the dams. It was noted that there was a fluctuation in the relevance of the components of beta diversity, regardless of the subsystem analyzed. For the temporal analysis there was a significant change in species composition from the first to the last year investigated, essentially for the subsystem impacted by dams, and that this was determined mainly by species loss. Although spatial beta diversity remained high without a clear process of biotic homogenization, dams promoted remarkable changes in ciliate species composition over the years mainly by continuous loss of species.

SUBMITTER: Guimaraes Duran CL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10799717 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Upstream cascade reservoirs drive temporal beta diversity increases through species loss in a dammed river.

Guimarães Durán Carolina Leite CL Lansac-Tôha Fernando Miranda FM Meira Bianca Ramos BR Santana Loiani Oliveira LO Oliveira Felipe Rafael FR Matos Matheus Henrique de Oliveira MHO Velho Luiz Felipe Machado LFM

FEMS microbiology ecology 20240101 1

Changes in the biodiversity of aquatic environments over time and space due to human activities are a topic of theoretical and conservational interest in ecology. Thus, variation in taxonomic beta diversity of the planktonic ciliates community was investigated along a temporal and spatial gradient in two subsystems of a Neotropical floodplain, one impacted by dams (Paraná) and the other free of them along its course (Ivinhema). For the spatial analysis, the Paraná subsystem did not show a signif ...[more]

PMID: 38192043

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Project description:BackgroundIn reservoirs, zooplankton strongly interact with the physical and chemical characteristics of water, and this interaction is mainly influenced by climate variation and the different methods used to manage the dam water level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate how the distinct operating modes of two cascade reservoirs affected the richness, abundance, and composition of zooplankton, both spatially (intra and inter-reservoirs) and temporally (annual and seasonal). In this study, the upstream reservoir (Salto Santiago) operates using the storage method, with a water retention time (WRT) of 51 days, whereas the downstream reservoir (Salto Osório) operates using the run-of-river method, with a WRT of 16 days.MethodsZooplankton samples were collected for 16 consecutive years from the two reservoirs located on the Iguaçu River, Brazil. A total of 720 samples were collected. Four-way ANOVAs were used to determine the differences in richness and abundance of the zooplankton among years, periods, reservoirs, and environments. Multidimensional non-metric scaling (NMDS) and an analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) were used to describe similarity patterns in species composition. Finally, a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to select the environmental predictors that best explained the variation in zooplankton abundance data.ResultsWe identified a total of 115 taxa in this study, and rotifers were the richest group. In contrast, the copepods were the most abundant. The four-way ANOVA results showed significant differences in the species richness and abundance of the zooplankton among years, periods, reservoirs, and environments. The NMDS ordination and ANOSIM test indicated that the largest differences in zooplankton species composition were annual and seasonal differences. Finally, the CCA showed that these differences were mainly associated with changes in water transparency, temperature, and the chlorophyll a, phosphorus, and total dissolved solids concentrations.DiscussionInter-annual changes in zooplankton species composition showed that over time, large filters-feeders (e.g., large daphinids and calanoid copepods) were replaced by small cladocerans (e.g., bosminids) and generalist rotifers. The highest species richness was associated with the fluvial environment, whereas the highest abundance was associated with the transitional and lacustrine reservoir environments. Variations in water temperature, nutrients, and food availability explained the annual and seasonal changes in community structure, whereas variations in the water flow characteristics of the environments explained the longitudinal changes in the richness and abundance of zooplankton in reservoirs. The differences in zooplankton structure between the two reservoirs can be explained by the functional differences between the two systems, such as their WRTs and morphometrics.

Dataset Information

Upstream cascade reservoirs drive temporal beta diversity increases through species loss in a dammed river.

Publications

Upstream cascade reservoirs drive temporal beta diversity increases through species loss in a dammed river.

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