Dataset Information

Prevalence of Falciparum and non-Falciparum Malaria in the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Undetected asymptomatic falciparum malaria results in a large transmission reservoir and there is evidence of increasing non-falciparum malaria as malaria is controlled in Africa, both resulting in challenges for malaria control programs.

Methods

We performed quantitative real time PCR for 4 malaria species in 4,596 individuals from the 2014-2015 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey. Bivariate models were used to determine species-specific associations with risk factors.

Results

Asymptomatic falciparum malaria, P. ovale spp., and P. malariae infection had broad spatial distribution across Rwanda. P. vivax infection was rare. Overall infection prevalence was 23.6% (95%CI [21.7%, 26.0%]), with falciparum and non-falciparum at 17.6% [15.9%, 19.0%] and 8.3% [7.0%, 10.0%], respectively. Parasitemias tended to be low and mixed species infections were common, especially where malaria transmission was the highest. Falciparum infection was associated with socio-econiomic status, rural residence and low altitude. Few risk factors were associated with non-falciparum malaria.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic falciparum malaria and non-falciparum malaria are common and widely distributed across Rwanda. Continued molecular monitoring of Plasmodium spp. is needed to monitor these threats to malaria control in Africa.

SUBMITTER: Gaither C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10802648 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Prevalence of Asymptomatic non-Falciparum and Falciparum Malaria in the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey.

Gaither Claudia C Morgan Camille C Kirby Rebecca R Karema Corine C Gashema Pierre P White Samuel J SJ Topazian Hillary M HM Geibrecht David D Thwai Kyaw K Young Neeva Wernsman NW Boyter Koby K Munyaneza Tharcisse T Muvunyi Claude Mambo CM Butera Jean De Dieu JD Bailey Jeffrey A JA Mazarati Jean-Baptiste JB Juliano Jonathan J JJ

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20241212

<h4>Background</h4>Recent molecular surveillance suggests an unexpectedly high prevalence of non-falciparum malaria in Africa. Malaria control is also challenged by undetected asymptomatic <i>P. falciparum</i> malaria resulting in an undetectable reservoir for potential transmission. Context-specific surveillance of asymptomatic <i>P. falciparum</i> and non-falciparum species is needed to properly inform malaria control programs.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed quantitative real time PCR for four ma ...[more]

PMID: 38260604

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundAlthough quality postnatal care (PNC) is a known significant intervention for curbing maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality, it is underutilized in most developing countries including Rwanda. Thus, it is crucial to identify factors that facilitate or occlude receipt of adequate PNC. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of adequate PNC content and the associated factors in Rwanda.MethodsWe used weighted data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) of 2020, comprising of 4456 women aged 15-49 years, who were selected using multistage sampling. Adequate PNC was considered if a woman had received all of the five components; having the cord examined, temperature of the baby measured, counselling on newborn danger signs, counselling on breastfeeding and having an observed breastfeeding session. We, then, conducted multivariable logistic regression to explore the associated factors, using SPSS version 25.ResultsOut of the 4456 women, 1974 (44.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 43.0-45.9) had received all the PNC components. Having no radio exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.41, 95% CI: 1.18-1.68), visited by a fieldworker (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.57), no big problem with distance to a health facility (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.24-1.81), and residing in the Southern region (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.42-2.15) were associated with higher odds of adequate PNC compared to their respective counterparts. However, having no exposure to newspapers/magazines (AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.89), parity of less than 2 (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.86), being a working mother (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.85), no big problem with permission to seek healthcare (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.82), antenatal care (ANC) frequency of less than 4 times (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62-0.85), inadequate ANC quality (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.46-0.68), and getting ANC in a public facility (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38-0.85) were associated with lower odds of adequate PNC.ConclusionsLess than half of the mothers in Rwanda had received adequate PNC, and this was associated with various factors. The results, thus, suggested context-specific evidence for consideration when rethinking policies to improve adequate PNC, including a need for intensified PNC education and counselling during ANC visits, continued medical education and training of PNC providers, and strengthening of maternal leave policies for working mothers.

Project description:Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains the global unfinished agenda in most countries of the world especially in low- and middle-income countries. LBW subsequently has harmful effects on the lifestyle, psychosocial and physiological development of the child. Although it is known that antenatal care (ANC) visits are important interventions contributing to prediction of newborn birth weight, little has been conducted on effect of ANC visits on birth weight in Rwanda. This study aimed at determining the association between regular ANC visits and risk of LBW among newborns in Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to analyse the effects of ANC on LBW using the 2014/2015 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey. Associations of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and individual factors of the mother with LBW newborns were performed using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Prevalence s of LBW and macrosomia were 5.8% and 17.6%, respectively. Newborns delivered from mothers attending fewer than four ANC visits were at almost three-times greater risk of having LBW [aOR=2.8; 95%CI (1.5-5.4), p=0.002] compared to those whose mothers attending four or more ANC visits. Residing in a rural area for pregnant women was significantly associated with LBW [aOR=1.1; 95%CI (0.7-1.6), p=0.008]. Maternal characteristics, such as anemia, predicted an increase in LBW [aOR=3.5; 95%CI (1.5-5.4),p<0.001]. Those who received no nutritional counseling [aOR=2.5; 95%CI (2-8.5), p<0.001] and who were not told about maternal complications [aOR=3.3; 95%CI (1.5-6.6), p=0.003] were more prone to deliver newborns with LBW than those who received them. Pregnant women who received iron and folic acid were less likely to have LBW newborns [aOR=0.5; 95%CI (0.3-0.9), p=0.015]. Conclusion: ANC visits significantly contributed to reducing the incidence of LBW. This study underscores the need for early, comprehensive, and high-quality ANC services to prevent LBW in Rwanda.

Project description:Objectives Bangladesh has one of the highest adolescent childbearing rates in South Asia, which prevent women from realizing their full potential in life. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and determinants of adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh using data from the 2014 and 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Methods Nationally representative surveys of respondents were selected using a two-stage sampling process. The study recruited 2,023 and 1,951 ever-married women aged 15–19 from 2014 and 2017–18 BDHS surveys, respectively, from rural and urban settings from all eight geographic divisions of Bangladesh. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit to determine the factors associated with adolescent childbearing. Result The adolescent childbearing prevalence rate was 30.8% in 2014 BDHS and 27.6% in 2017–18 BDHS. Marriage at age 13 years or less also reduced significantly in 2017–18 compared to 2014 (12.7% vs. 17.4%, respectively). Significantly higher odds of adolescent childbearing were found in 2014 among women in the Sylhet Division (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–6.1) and the Chittagong Division (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.8–2.7) compared to the Barisal Region; however, in 2017, there were no significant differences was found across the geographic Divisions. Compared to women in the lowest wealth quintile, women in all other quintiles had lower odds of adolescent childbearing, with the lowest odds found among women in the wealthiest quintile (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.6). Women who married at age 14–17 had 60% lower odds of adolescent childbearing compared to the women who married at age 10–13. Conclusion Nearly one-third of married adolescents in Bangladesh were pregnant or had at least one child in 2014, and it was reduced only marginally in 2017–18. Marriage at an early age and income inequalities among families were significant predictors of adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh. This study highlighted change in the magnitude and determinants of adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh taken data from two nationally representative surveys conducted 4 years apart.

Project description:BackgroundAccess to a complete continuum of maternal and child health care has been recommended globally for better pregnancy outcomes. Hence this study determined the level (pooled prevalence) and predictors of successfully completing continuum of care (CoC) in Rwanda.MethodsWe analyzed weighted secondary data from the 2019-2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) that included 6,302 women aged 15 to 49 years who were selected using multistage stratified sampling. We analyzed complete continuum of care as a composite variable of three maternal care services: at least four ANC contacts, SBA, maternal and neonatal post-natal care. We used the SPSS version 25 complex samples package to conduct multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf the 6,302 women, 2,131 (33.8%) (95% CI: 32.8-35.1) had complete continuum of care. The odds of having complete continuum of care were higher among women who had exposure to newspapers (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.52), those belonging to the eastern region (AOR): 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.52), southern region (AOR): 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.53), those with health insurance (AOR): 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30-1.85), those who had been visited by a field health worker (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.49), those with no big problems with distance to health facility (AOR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.46), those who were married (AOR): 1.35, 95% CI: 1.11-1.64), those with tertiary level of education (AOR): 1.61, 95% CI: 1.05-2.49), those belonging to richer households (AOR): 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) and those whose parity was less than 2 (AOR): 1.52, 95% CI: 1.18-1.95).ConclusionWe have identified modifiable factors (exposure to mass media, having been visited by a field health worker, having health insurance, having no big problems with distance to the nearest health facility, belonging to richer households, being married and educated), that can be targeted to improve utilization of the entire continuum of care. Promoting maternity services through mass media, strengthening the community health programmes, increasing access to health insurance and promoting girl child education to tertiary level may improve the level of utilization of maternity services.

Project description:BackgroundTeenage pregnancy is a significant public health issue and is strongly associated with risky sexual behaviors such as early sexual initiation, unprotected sex, and multiple sexual partners. According to the 2014 World Health Organization report, 11% of all births worldwide were to teenagers aged 15-19 years, with more than 95% of these pregnancies occurring in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, which bears much of this burden. In Rwanda, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy has risen from 4.1% in 2005 to 7.3% in 2014, indicating a growing concern. However, there is limited and inconsistent evidence on the factors contributing to teenage pregnancy. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the factors associated with teenage pregnancy. This research seeks to provide valuable insights for targeted interventions, which are urgently needed in light of the increasing rates.MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional study design, utilizing data from the 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey of 3,258 eligible participants aged 15-19 years. To identify factors associated with teenage pregnancy, we performed a bivariate logistic regression analysis. The significant variables from the bivariate analysis were then exported into multivariate logistic regression models, with the results presented as odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a significance threshold set at 5%.ResultsOur findings indicated that teenagers aged 18-19 years were more likely to experience pregnancy compared to those younger than 17 (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.16-8.37). Adolescents who had engaged in sexual activity 95 times or more had a significantly higher likelihood of becoming pregnant than those with less frequent sexual activity (OR = 13.53; 95% CI: 5.21-35.12). Furthermore, adolescents with parents with a secondary education were 80% less likely to become pregnant compared to those with parents with a primary or no education (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.07-0.63).ConclusionOur study revealed that teenage pregnancy is shaped by several individual factors including age and sexual behavior, along with parental education levels. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted sexual education and enhanced family support systems to mitigate teenage pregnancies. Further, longitudinal studies are essential for establishing causality and guiding effective policy development.

Project description:BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women have led to substantial public health and economic burdens in several low-middle-income countries. However, there is a paucity of scientific knowledge about the relationship between empowerment and symptoms of STIs among married Bangladeshi women. This article aimed to examine the association between women empowerment and symptoms of STIs among currently married Bangladeshi women of reproductive age.Materials and methodsWe extracted data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), conducted from June 28, 2014, to November 9, 2014. We utilised cross-tabulation, the conceptual framework and multivariable multilevel mixed-effect logistics regression to explore the association between women's empowerment indicators and women's self-reported symptoms of genital sore and abnormal genital discharge. All of the analysis was adjusted using cluster weight.ResultsWe found that among 16,858 currently married women, 5.59% and 10.84% experienced genital sores and abnormal genital discharge during the past 12 months, respectively. Women who depended on husbands to make decisions regarding their health care (AOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.67-0.84), significant household purchases (AOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71-0.88), and visiting family or relatives (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.64-0.80) were less likely to report signs of abnormal genital discharge. Women who could make joint healthcare decisions with their husbands were also less likely to report genital sores (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67-0.90).ConclusionGenital sores and abnormal genital discharge were prevalent across all parameters of women empowerment among currently married women in Bangladesh. Our estimates show that the husband plays a significant role in decision-making about sexual and reproductive health. Efforts need to be invested in establishing culturally relevant gender policies which facilitate the involvement of women in joint decision-making.