A Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, and the development of myopia and astigmatism.

ABSTRACT: The influence of environmental factors like smoking and alcohol on myopia and astigmatism is controversial. However, due to ethical concerns, alternative study designs are urgently needed to assess causal inference, as mandatory exposure to cigarettes and alcohol is unethical. Following comprehensive screenings, 326 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to myopia and astigmatism were included in the dataset. To validate the causal association between exposures such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake, and outcomes namely astigmatism and myopia, five regression models were employed. These models encompassed MR-Egger regression, random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median estimator (WME), weighted model, and simple model. The instrumental

SUBMITTER: Wei D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10803726 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature