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Lassa virus in novel hosts: insights into the epidemiology of lassa virus infections in southern Nigeria.


ABSTRACT: Identification of the diverse animal hosts responsible for spill-over events from animals to humans is crucial for comprehending the transmission patterns of emerging infectious diseases, which pose significant public health risks. To better characterize potential animal hosts of Lassa virus (LASV), we assessed domestic and non-domestic animals from 2021-2022 in four locations in southern Nigeria with reported cases of Lassa fever (LF). Birds, lizards, and domestic mammals (dogs, pigs, cattle and goats) were screened using RT-qPCR, and whole genome sequencing was performed for lineage identification on selected LASV positive samples. Animals were also screened for exposure to LASV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among these animals, lizards had the highest positivity rate by PCR. Genomic sequencing of samples in most infected animals showed sub-lineage 2 g of LASV. Seropositivity was highest among cattle and lowest in pigs. Though the specific impact these additional hosts may have in the broader virus-host context are still unknown - specifically relating to pathogen diversity, evolution, and transmission - the detection of LASV in non-rodent hosts living in proximity to confirmed human LF cases suggests their involvement during transmission as potential reservoirs. Additional epidemiological data comparing viral genomes from humans and animals, as well as those circulating within the environment will be critical in understanding LASV transmission dynamics and will ultimately guide the development of countermeasures for this zoonotic health threat.

SUBMITTER: Happi AN 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10810657 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lassa virus in novel hosts: insights into the epidemiology of lassa virus infections in southern Nigeria.

Happi Anise Nkenjop AN   Ogunsanya Olusola Akinola OA   Ayinla Akeemat Opeyemi AO   Sijuwola Ayotunde Elijah AE   Saibu Femi Mudasiru FM   Akano Kazeem K   Nwofoke Cecilia C   Elias Obineche Tobias OT   Achonduh-Atijegbe Olivia O   Daodu Richard Olumide RO   Adedokun Oluwatobi Abel OA   Adeyemo Abraham A   Ogundana Kehinde Ebenezer KE   Lawal Omolola Zaheedat OZ   Parker Edyth E   Nosamiefan Iguosadolo I   Okolie Johnson J   Parker Zahra F ZF   McCauley Melanie D MD   Eller Leigh Anne LA   Lombardi Kara K   Tiamiyu Abdulwasiu Bolaji AB   Iroezindu Michael M   Akinwale Edward E   Njatou Thierry Lamare Fouapon Assedi TLFA   Mebrahtu Tsedal T   Broach Erica E   Zuppe Anastasia A   Prins Petra P   Lay Jenny J   Amare Mihret M   Modjarrad Kayvon K   Collins Natalie D ND   Vasan Sandhya S   Tucker Cynthia C   Daye Sharon S   Happi Christian Tientcha CT  

Emerging microbes & infections 20240122 1


Identification of the diverse animal hosts responsible for spill-over events from animals to humans is crucial for comprehending the transmission patterns of emerging infectious diseases, which pose significant public health risks. To better characterize potential animal hosts of Lassa virus (LASV), we assessed domestic and non-domestic animals from 2021-2022 in four locations in southern Nigeria with reported cases of Lassa fever (LF). Birds, lizards, and domestic mammals (dogs, pigs, cattle an  ...[more]

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