Dataset Information

Carvacrol as a Stimulant of the Expression of Key Genes of the Ginsenoside Biosynthesis Pathway and Its Effect on the Production of Ginseng Saponins in Panax quinquefolium Hairy Root Cultures.

ABSTRACT: The accumulation of ginsenosides (triterpenic saponins) was determined in Panax quinquefolium hairy root cultures subjected to an elicitation process using carvacrol at 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μM concentrations during 24 and 72 h exposure. This study was the first one in which carvacrol was applied as an elicitor. The content of eight ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg1, Rg2, and Re, was determined using HPLC analysis. Moreover, the quantitative RT-PCR method was applied to assess the relative expression level of farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, and dammarenediol synthase genes in the studied cultures. The addition of carvacrol (100 μM) was an effective approach to increase the production of ginsenosides. The highest content and productivity of all detected saponins were, respectively, 20.01 mg∙g^-1 d.w. and 5.74 mg∙L^-1∙day^-1 after 72 h elicitation. The production profile of individual metabolites in P. quinquefolium cultures changed under the influence of carvacrol. The biosynthesis of most examined protopanaxadiol derivatives was reduced under carvacrol treatment. In contrast, the levels of ginsenosides belonging to the Rg group increased. The strongest effect of carvacrol was noticed for Re metabolites, achieving a 7.72-fold increase in comparison to the control. Saponin Rg2, not detected in untreated samples, was accumulated after carvacrol stimulation, reaching its maximum concentration after 72 h exposure to 10 μM elicitor.

SUBMITTER: Kochan E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10815547 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Carvacrol as a Stimulant of the Expression of Key Genes of the Ginsenoside Biosynthesis Pathway and Its Effect on the Production of Ginseng Saponins in <i>Panax quinquefolium</i> Hairy Root Cultures.

Kochan Ewa E Sienkiewicz Monika M Szmajda-Krygier Dagmara D Balcerczak Ewa E Szymańska Grażyna G

International journal of molecular sciences 20240111 2

The accumulation of ginsenosides (triterpenic saponins) was determined in <i>Panax quinquefolium</i> hairy root cultures subjected to an elicitation process using carvacrol at 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μM concentrations during 24 and 72 h exposure. This study was the first one in which carvacrol was applied as an elicitor. The content of eight ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg1, Rg2, and Re, was determined using HPLC analysis. Moreover, the quantitative RT-PCR method was applied to ...[more]

PMID: 38255986

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Project description:Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a precious Chinese herbal medicine belonging to the Araliaceae family. Because ginseng is extremely taboo, it seriously restricts the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The allelopathic effect of triterpenoid saponins is one of the important incentives for continuous cropping disorders. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of allelopathic autotoxicity of triterpenoid ginsenosides. Therefore, this study took ginseng hairy roots as the research object, exogenously added ginsenoside Ro to regulate the growth of hairy roots, and measured the changes in its physiological and saponin content. It was found that ginseng hairy roots grew significantly under Ro-0.5 mg/L stress. Inhibition, the specificity of root tip cell injury was obvious, promoted the accumulation of endogenous hormones IAA and SA, and inhibited the accumulation of ABA and JA. The accumulation of ginsenosides was significantly inhibited (except Rg3) under Ro-0.5 mg/L stress. The mRNA analysis of the Ro-0.5 mg/L group and CK group showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly concentrated in the hormone signal transduction pathway. The genes ARF7 and EFM were up-regulated, and XTH23 and ZOX1 were down-regulated, which can be used as important candidates for hormone-responsive continuous cropping disorders. Gene. 74 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified based on miRNA sequencing, of which 22 were up-regulated and 52 were down-regulated. The target genes of ptc-miR156k_L+1, mtr-miR156b-5p, gma-miR156a_R+1, and mtr-miR156e were all TRINITY_DN14567_c0_g4, TRINITY_DN14567_c0_g4 is a gene in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and the four miRNAs are all negatively correlated with mRNA, indicating that ptc-miR156k_L+1, mtr-miR156b-5p, gma-miR156a_R+1, and mtr-miR156e are very likely involved in ginseng Response to continuous cropping disorders and regulation of ginsenoside synthesis. Our findings will provide a useful platform for unraveling the continuous cropping barrier of ginseng and new insights into the genetic engineering of plant stress responses.

Dataset Information

Carvacrol as a Stimulant of the Expression of Key Genes of the Ginsenoside Biosynthesis Pathway and Its Effect on the Production of Ginseng Saponins in Panax quinquefolium Hairy Root Cultures.

Publications

Carvacrol as a Stimulant of the Expression of Key Genes of the Ginsenoside Biosynthesis Pathway and Its Effect on the Production of Ginseng Saponins in <i>Panax quinquefolium</i> Hairy Root Cultures.

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