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School screening programs to identify hypertension in Hispanic youth.

ABSTRACT: Elevated blood pressure during childhood can lead to hypertension in adulthood and is associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease with early identification as the best option for prevention. This study examines the prevalence of hypertension in Hispanic and White youths and reports the ability of a school-based program to identify hypertension in school-aged children. Approximately 3.5 % of students had hypertension while 7.5 % of students had elevated blood pressure. Elevated body mass index (BMI) was the most common predictor of hypertension in all three grade levels (elementary: 5th grade, middle: 7th grade, and high school: 10th grade). In the elementary school age group, the significant predictors of hypertension were an elevated BMI, sex, and height. In the middle school age group, the factors that were significant predictors of hypertension included ethnicity, an elevated BMI, and height. In high school age students, the only significant predictor of hypertension was elevated BMI; ethnicity alone was not a significant predictor. The only group that ethnicity was a significant predictor of hypertension was the middle school age. Given that at all three grade levels, the Hispanic students had a higher percentage with elevated BMIs compared to White students, they should be considered at higher risk of hypertension.

SUBMITTER: Pollack AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10825600 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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School screening programs to identify hypertension in Hispanic youth.

Pollack Austin M AM Hamilton Landon D LD Jenkins NaNet A NA Lueders Paige C PC Luckasen Gary J GJ

American journal of preventive cardiology 20240105

Elevated blood pressure during childhood can lead to hypertension in adulthood and is associated with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease with early identification as the best option for prevention. This study examines the prevalence of hypertension in Hispanic and White youths and reports the ability of a school-based program to identify hypertension in school-aged children. Approximately 3.5 % of students had hypertension while 7.5 % of students had elevated blood pressure. Elev ...[more]

PMID: 38293255

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Project description:BackgroundSchool-based meal programs can promote healthy dietary intake in youth. However, limited data exist regarding the impact of income-targeted school meal programs across countries, particularly among food-insecure youth.ObjectivesWe examined self-reported awareness of and participation in free school meal programs, and associations with dietary intake in youth from 6 countries with differing national school meal policies.MethodsData were collected through the 2019 International Food Policy Study Youth Survey, a cross-sectional survey of 10,565 youth aged 10-17 y from Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Regression models examined: 1) country differences in awareness of and participation in breakfast and lunch programs; and 2) associations between lunch program participation and intake of fruit and vegetables, and "less healthy" foods during the previous school lunch day.ResultsAwareness of and participation in free breakfast and lunch programs varied across countries. Approximately half of USA and Chilean students participated in school lunch programs-the countries with the most comprehensive national policies-compared with one-fifth of students in the United Kingdom, and ∼5% in Australia, Canada, and Mexico (P < 0.001 for all contrasts). In the United States and Chile, more than two-thirds of youth with the highest level of food insecurity participated in lunch programs, compared with 45% in the United Kingdom, 27% in Canada, and ≤20% in Australia and Mexico. In all countries, youth reporting school lunch program participation were more likely to report fruit and vegetable intake during their previous school lunch (P < 0.001), and higher intake of "less healthy" food in all countries except the United States and Chile.ConclusionsMore comprehensive national policies were associated with greater participation in school meal programs, particularly among youth at greatest risk of food insecurity, as well as healthier dietary intake from school lunches.

Project description:Background:Youth educational outcomes are a function of a wide range of factors including parental education level. This effect, however, is shown to be smaller for African American, Hispanic, and Asian American youth, a pattern called Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs). It is, however, unknown if it is race/ethnicity or other conditions associated with race/ethnicity (e.g., poor neighborhood quality) which reduces the marginal returns of parental education for youth. Aim:To explore whether MDRs are only due to race/ethnicity or if they also remain for non-Hispanic Whites in poor neighborhoods, we compared the association between parental education level and adolescents' school performance based on neighborhood quality in a nationally representative sample of non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. Methods:This cross-sectional study used wave 1 of the Add Health study, an ongoing nationally representative cohort, 1994-2019. Participants included 849 non-Hispanic White adolescents between the ages of 12 and 21 years and their parents. The independent variable was parental education level, which was treated as a continuous measure. Age, grade, gender, and parental marital status were the covariates. The dependent variable was school performance (sum of school grades in Math, English, History, and Science). Linear regression models were used for data analysis. Results:Overall, worse neighborhood quality was associated with worse school performance. Parental education level, however, was not directly associated with youth school performance. We found a statistically significant interaction between parental education level and neighborhood quality suggesting that the strength of the association between parental education and youth school performance weakens as neighborhood quality declines. Conclusion:Parental education level is a more salient determinant of youth educational outcomes in better neighborhoods. The result suggests that MDRs may not be solely due to race/ethnicity but contextual factors that commonly covary with marginalization and poverty. These contextual factors may include segregation, concentration of poverty, and social and physical neighborhood disorder.

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School screening programs to identify hypertension in Hispanic youth.

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School screening programs to identify hypertension in Hispanic youth.

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