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Evidence of Zika Virus Reinfection by Genome Diversity and Antibody Response Analysis, Brazil.

ABSTRACT: We generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 persons in Brazil who had samples collected over 1 year to evaluate virus persistence. Phylogenetic inference clustered the genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from northern Brazil, showing that ZIKV has been remained relatively stable over time. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed limited within-host diversity among most ZIKV-persistent infected associated samples. However, we detected unusual virus temporal diversity from >5 persons, uncovering the existence of divergent genomes within the same patient. All those patients showed an increase in neutralizing antibody levels, followed by a decline at the convalescent phase of ZIKV infection. Of interest, in 3 of those patients, titers of neutralizing antibodies increased again after 6 months of ZIKV infection, concomitantly with real-time reverse transcription PCR re-positivity, supporting ZIKV reinfection events. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the existence of ZIKV reinfection events.

SUBMITTER: da Costa Castilho M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10826783 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evidence of Zika Virus Reinfection by Genome Diversity and Antibody Response Analysis, Brazil.

da Costa Castilho Marcia M de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo AMB Machado Lais Ceschini LC de Lima Calvanti Thaise Yasmine Vasconcelos TYV Lima Morganna Costa MC Fonseca Vagner V Giovanetti Marta M Docena Cassia C Neto Armando Menezes AM Bôtto-Menezes Camila Helena Aguiar CHA Kara Edna Oliveira EO de La Barrera Rafael R Modjarrad Kayvon K Giozza Silvana Pereira SP Pereira Gerson Fernando GF Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior LCJ Broutet Nathalie Jeanne Nicole NJN Calvet Guilherme Amaral GA Wallau Gabriel Luz GL Franca Rafael Freitas Oliveira RFO

Emerging infectious diseases 20240201 2

We generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 persons in Brazil who had samples collected over 1 year to evaluate virus persistence. Phylogenetic inference clustered the genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from northern Brazil, showing that ZIKV has been remained relatively stable over time. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed limited within-host diversity among most ZIKV-persistent infected associated samples. However, we detected unusual virus temporal diversity fr ...[more]

PMID: 38270216

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Project description:By the end of the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak, it is estimated that there were up to 100 million infections in the Americas. In approximately one in seven infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy, ZIKV has been linked to microcephaly, developmental delays, or other congenital disorders collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome, as well as Guillain-Barré syndrome, in ZIKV-infected adults. It is a global health priority to develop a vaccine against ZIKV that elicits long-lasting immunity; however, the durability of immunity to ZIKV is unknown. Previous studies in mice and nonhuman primates have been crucial in vaccine development but have not defined the duration of immunity generated by ZIKV infection. In this study, we rechallenged five rhesus macaques with ZIKV 22 to 28 months after a primary ZIKV infection. We show that primary ZIKV infection generates high titers of neutralizing antibodies that protect from detectable plasma viremia following rechallenge and persist for at least 22 to 28 months. While additional longitudinal studies are necessary with longer time frames, this study establishes a new experimentally defined minimal length of protective ZIKV immunity.IMPORTANCE ZIKV emerged as a vector-borne pathogen capable of causing illness in infected adults and congenital birth defects in infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy. Despite the decrease in ZIKV cases since the 2015-2016 epidemic, questions concerning the prevalence and longevity of protective immunity have left vulnerable communities fearful that they may become the center of next ZIKV outbreak. Although preexisting herd immunity in regions of past outbreaks may dampen the potential for future outbreaks to occur, we currently do not know the longevity of protective immunity to ZIKV after a person becomes infected. Here, we establish a new experimentally defined minimal length of protective ZIKV immunity. We show that five rhesus macaques initially infected with ZIKV 22 to 28 months prior to rechallenge elicit a durable immune response that protected from detectable plasma viremia. This study establishes a new minimal length of protective immunity.

Dataset Information

Evidence of Zika Virus Reinfection by Genome Diversity and Antibody Response Analysis, Brazil.

Publications

Evidence of Zika Virus Reinfection by Genome Diversity and Antibody Response Analysis, Brazil.

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