Dataset Information

Collaborative metabolisms of urea and cyanate degradation in marine anammox bacterial culture.

ABSTRACT: Anammox process greatly contributes to nitrogen loss occurring in oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where the availability of NH₄⁺ is scarce as compared with NO₂^-. Remineralization of organic nitrogen compounds including urea and cyanate (OCN^-) into NH₄⁺ has been believed as an NH₄⁺ source of the anammox process in oxygen minimum zones. However, urea- or OCN^-- dependent anammox has not been well examined due to the lack of marine anammox bacterial culture. In the present study, urea and OCN^- degradation in a marine anammox bacterial consortium were investigated based on ¹⁵N-tracer experiments and metagenomic analysis. Although a marine anammox bacterium, Candidatus Scalindua sp., itself was incapable of urea and OCN^- degradation, urea was anoxically decomposed to NH₄⁺ by the coexisting ureolytic bacteria (Rhizobiaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, and/or Thalassopiraceae bacteria), whereas OCN^- was abiotically degraded to NH₄⁺. The produced NH₄⁺ was subsequently utilized in the anammox process. The activity of the urea degradation increased under microaerobic condition (ca. 32-42 μM dissolved O₂, DO), and the contribution of the anammox process to the total nitrogen loss also increased up to 33.3% at 32 μM DO. Urea-dependent anammox activities were further examined in a fluid thioglycolate media with a vertical gradient of O₂ concentration, and the active collaborative metabolism of the urea degradation and anammox was detected at the lower oxycline (21 μM DO).

SUBMITTER: Oshiki M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10833080 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Collaborative metabolisms of urea and cyanate degradation in marine anammox bacterial culture.

Oshiki Mamoru M Morimoto Emi E Kobayashi Kanae K Satoh Hisashi H Okabe Satoshi S

ISME communications 20240110 1

Anammox process greatly contributes to nitrogen loss occurring in oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where the availability of NH4+ is scarce as compared with NO2-. Remineralization of organic nitrogen compounds including urea and cyanate (OCN-) into NH4+ has been believed as an NH4+ source of the anammox process in oxygen minimum zones. However, urea- or OCN-- dependent anammox has no ...[more]

PMID: 38304081

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Project description:Bacteria specialized in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are widespread in many anoxic habitats and form an important functional guild in the global nitrogen cycle by consuming bio-available nitrogen for energy rather than biomass production. Due to their slow growth rates, cultivation-independent approaches have been used to decipher their diversity across environments. However, their full diversity has not been well recognized. Here, we report a new family of putative anammox bacteria, "Candidatus Subterrananammoxibiaceae," existing in the globally distributed terrestrial and marine subsurface (groundwater and sediments of estuary, deep-sea, and hadal trenches). We recovered a high-quality metagenome-assembled genome of this family, tentatively named "Candidatus Subterrananammoxibius californiae," from a California groundwater site. The "Ca. Subterrananammoxibius californiae" genome not only contains genes for all essential components of anammox metabolism (e.g., hydrazine synthase, hydrazine oxidoreductase, nitrite reductase, and nitrite oxidoreductase) but also has the capacity for urea hydrolysis. In an Arctic ridge sediment core where redox zonation is well resolved, "Ca. Subterrananammoxibiaceae" is confined within the nitrate-ammonium transition zone where the anammox rate maximum occurs, providing environmental proof of the anammox activity of this new family. Phylogenetic analysis of nitrite oxidoreductase suggests that a horizontal transfer facilitated the spreading of the nitrite oxidation capacity between anammox bacteria (in the Planctomycetota phylum) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from Nitrospirota and Nitrospinota. By recognizing this new anammox family, we propose that all lineages within the "Ca. Brocadiales" order have anammox capacity. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms called anammox bacteria are efficient in removing bioavailable nitrogen from many natural and human-made environments. They exist in almost every anoxic habitat where both ammonium and nitrate/nitrite are present. However, only a few anammox bacteria have been cultured in laboratory settings, and their full phylogenetic diversity has not been recognized. Here, we present a new bacterial family whose members are present across both the terrestrial and marine subsurface. By reconstructing a high-quality genome from the groundwater environment, we demonstrate that this family has all critical enzymes of anammox metabolism and, notably, also urea utilization. This bacterium family in marine sediments is also preferably present in the niche where the anammox process occurs. These findings suggest that this novel family, named "Candidatus Subterrananammoxibiaceae," is an overlooked group of anammox bacteria, which should have impacts on nitrogen cycling in a range of environments.

Dataset Information

Collaborative metabolisms of urea and cyanate degradation in marine anammox bacterial culture.

Publications

Collaborative metabolisms of urea and cyanate degradation in marine anammox bacterial culture.

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