Impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to infertility: a Mendelian randomization analysis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.
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SUBMITTER: Hernaez A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10833082 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to infertility: a Mendelian randomization analysis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.
Hernáez Álvaro Á Lee Yunsung Y Page Christian M CM Skåra Karoline H KH Håberg Siri E SE Magnus Per P Njølstad Pål R PR Andreassen Ole A OA Corfield Elizabeth C EC Havdahl Alexandra A Fraser Abigail A Burgess Stephen S Lawlor Deborah A DA Magnus Maria C MC
Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20240201 2
<h4>Study question</h4>Are impaired glucose tolerance (as measured by fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting insulin) and cardiovascular disease risk (as measured by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) causally related to infertility?<h4>Summary answer</h4>Genetic instruments suggest that higher fasting insulin may increase infertility in women.<h4>What is known already</h4>Obs ...[more]
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Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the association between smoking and infertility.DesignProspective study.SettingNationwide cohort.Patients28,606 women and 27,096 men with questionnaire and genotype information from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.InterventionSelf-reported information on smoking (having ever smoked [both sexes], age at initiation [women only], cessation [women only], and cigarettes/week in current smokers [both sexes]) was gathered. Genetically predetermined levels or likelihood of presenting these traits were estimated for Mendelian randomization.Main outcome measureInfertility (time-to-pregnancy ≥12 months).ResultsHaving ever smoked was unrelated to infertility in women or men. Higher smoking intensity in women was associated with greater infertility odds (+1 standard deviation [SD, 48 cigarettes/week]: odds ratio [OR]crude, 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.28; ORadjusted 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21), also after adjusting for the partner's tobacco use. Later smoking initiation (+1 SD [3.2 years]: ORcrude, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99; ORadjusted 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95) and smoking cessation (vs. not quitting: ORcrude, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91; ORadjusted, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.93) were linked to decreased infertility in women. Nevertheless, Mendelian randomization results were not directionally consistent for smoking intensity and cessation and were estimated imprecisely in the 2-sample approach. In men, greater smoking intensity was not robustly associated with infertility in multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization.ConclusionsWe did not find robust evidence of an effect of smoking on infertility. This may be due to a true lack of effect, weak genetic instruments, or other kinds of confounding.
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