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HRDE-2 drives small RNA specificity for the nuclear Argonaute protein HRDE-1.

ABSTRACT: RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing process that exists in diverse organisms to protect genome integrity and regulate gene expression. In C. elegans, the majority of RNAi pathway proteins localize to perinuclear, phase-separated germ granules, which are comprised of sub-domains referred to as P granules, Mutator foci, Z granules, and SIMR foci. However, the protein components and function of the newly discovered SIMR foci are unknown. Here we demonstrate that HRDE-2 localizes to SIMR foci and interacts with the germline nuclear Argonaute HRDE-1 in its small RNA unbound state. In the absence of HRDE-2, HRDE-1 exclusively loads CSR-class 22G-RNAs rather than WAGO-class 22G-RNAs, resulting in inappropriate H3K9me3 deposition on CSR-target genes. Thus, our study demonstrates that the recruitment of unloaded HRDE-1 to germ granules, mediated by HRDE-2, is critical to ensure that the correct small RNAs are used to guide nuclear RNA silencing in the C. elegans germline.

SUBMITTER: Chen S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10834429 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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HRDE-2 drives small RNA specificity for the nuclear Argonaute protein HRDE-1.

Chen Shihui S Phillips Carolyn M CM

Nature communications 20240201 1

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing process that exists in diverse organisms to protect genome integrity and regulate gene expression. In C. elegans, the majority of RNAi pathway proteins localize to perinuclear, phase-separated germ granules, which are comprised of sub-domains referred to as P granules, Mutator foci, Z granules, and SIMR foci. However, the protein components and function of the newly discovered SIMR foci are unknown. Here we demonstrate that HRDE-2 localizes t ...[more]

PMID: 38302462

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Germ granule association drives small RNA specificity for a nuclear Argonaute protein

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Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing process that exists in diverse organisms to protect genome integrity and regulate gene expression. In C. elegans, the majority of RNAi pathway proteins localize to perinuclear, phase-separated germ granules, which are comprised of sub-domains referred to as P granules, Mutator foci, Z granules, and SIMR foci. However, the protein components and function of the newly discovered SIMR foci are unknown. Here we demonstrate that HRDE-2 localizes to SIMR foci and interacts with the germline nuclear RNAi Argonaute HRDE-1. Furthermore, HRDE-1 also localizes to SIMR foci, dependent on HRDE-2, but only in its small RNA unbound state. This germ granule localization is critical to promote the small RNA binding specificity of HRDE-1 and, in the absence of HRDE-2, HRDE-1 exclusively loads CSR-class 22G-RNAs rather than WAGO-class 22G-RNAs, resulting in H3K9me3 deposition on CSR-target genes. Thus, our study demonstrates that HRDE-2 is critical to ensure that the correct small RNAs are used to guide nuclear RNA silencing in the C. elegans germline.

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Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing process that exists in diverse organisms to protect genome integrity and regulate gene expression. In C. elegans, majority of RNAi components are located in phase-separated perinuclear germ granules, including P granule, Mutator foci, Z granule, and SIMR foci. However, the protein components and function of the newly discovered SIMR foci are unknown. Here we identified HRDE-2 as a SIMR foci component, which interacts with the germline nuclear RNAi Argonaute HRDE-1. We found that unloaded HRDE-1 localizes to SIMR foci and this localization depends on HRDE-2. In addition, HRDE-2 contributes to HRDE-1 small RNAs binding specificity and, in the absence of HRDE-2, HRDE-1 exclusively loads CSR-class 22G-RNAs rather than WAGO-class 22G-RNAs, promotes H3K9me3 deposition on CSR-targets, but does not silence these CSR-target genes. Thus, our study demonstrates that HRDE-2 is critical to ensure correct small RNAs are used to guide nuclear RNA silencing in the C. elegans germline.

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Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing process that exists in diverse organisms to protect genome integrity and regulate gene expression. In C. elegans, majority of RNAi components are located in phase-separated perinuclear germ granules, including P granule, Mutator foci, Z granule, and SIMR foci. However, the protein components and function of the newly discovered SIMR foci are unknown. Here we identified HRDE-2 as a SIMR foci component, which interacts with the germline nuclear RNAi Argonaute HRDE-1. We found that unloaded HRDE-1 localizes to SIMR foci and this localization depends on HRDE-2. In addition, HRDE-2 contributes to HRDE-1 small RNAs binding specificity and, in the absence of HRDE-2, HRDE-1 exclusively loads CSR-class 22G-RNAs rather than WAGO-class 22G-RNAs, promotes H3K9me3 deposition on CSR-targets, but does not silence these CSR-target genes. Thus, our study demonstrates that HRDE-2 is critical to ensure correct small RNAs are used to guide nuclear RNA silencing in the C. elegans germline.

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Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene silencing process that exists in diverse organisms to protect genome integrity and regulate gene expression. In C. elegans, majority of RNAi components are located in phase-separated perinuclear germ granules, including P granule, Mutator foci, Z granule, and SIMR foci. However, the protein components and function of the newly discovered SIMR foci are unknown. Here we identified HRDE-2 as a SIMR foci component, which interacts with the germline nuclear RNAi Argonaute HRDE-1. We found that unloaded HRDE-1 localizes to SIMR foci and this localization depends on HRDE-2. In addition, HRDE-2 contributes to HRDE-1 small RNAs binding specificity and, in the absence of HRDE-2, HRDE-1 exclusively loads CSR-class 22G-RNAs rather than WAGO-class 22G-RNAs, promotes H3K9me3 deposition on CSR-targets, but does not silence these CSR-target genes. Thus, our study demonstrates that HRDE-2 is critical to ensure correct small RNAs are used to guide nuclear RNA silencing in the C. elegans germline.

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Nuclear Argonaute protein NRDE-3 switches small RNA partners during embryogenesis to mediate temporal-specific gene regulatory activity.

Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved gene regulation mechanism that utilizes the Argonaute protein and their associated small RNAs to exert regulatory function on complementary transcripts. While the majority of germline-expressed RNAi pathway components reside in perinuclear germ granules, it is unknown whether and how RNAi pathways are spatially organized in other cell types. Here we find that the small RNA biogenesis machinery is spatially and temporally organized during embryogenesis. Specifically, the RNAi factor, SIMR-1, forms visible concentrates during mid-embryogenesis that contain an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a poly-UG polymerase, and the unloaded nuclear Argonaute protein, NRDE-3. We also observe that many other RNAi factors form foci in embryonic cells distinct from "SIMR granules", including the Argonaute protein CSR-1, underscoring a potential role for cytoplasmic concentrates of RNAi factors to promote gene regulation in embryos. Curiously, coincident with the appearance of the SIMR granules, the small RNAs bound to NRDE-3 switch from predominantly CSR-class 22G-RNAs to ERGO-dependent 22G-RNAs. Prior work has shown that NRDE-3 binds ERGO-dependent 22G-RNAs in the somatic cells of larvae and adults to silence ERGO-target genes; here we demonstrate that NRDE-3-bound, CSR-class 22G-RNAs repress transcription in oocytes. Thus, our study defines two separable roles for NRDE-3, targeting germline-expressed genes during oogenesis to promote global transcriptional repression, and switching during embryogenesis to repress recently duplicated genes and retrotransposons in somatic cells, highlighting the plasticity of Argonaute proteins and the need for more precise temporal characterization of Argonaute-small RNA interactions.

| S-EPMC11312606 | biostudies-literature

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