Dataset Information

Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with increasing incidence and mortality in Latin America. CRC screening programs can reduce disease burden, but information on screening programs in Latin America is limited.

Objective

To describe characteristics (eg, type of program, uptake, neoplastic yield) of CRC screening programs in Latin America.

Data sources

PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, LILACS, and SciELO were searched from inception to February 2023. Relevant references from bibliographies, conference proceedings, and gray literature were considered. The search strategy included English, Spanish, and Portuguese terms.

Study selection

Included were studies of CRC screening programs in Latin America using fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or colonoscopy as the primary screening method. Four reviewers independently assessed study eligibility based on titles, with review of abstracts and full texts as needed.

Data extraction and synthesis

Guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed for data abstraction and quality assessment. Descriptive information was extracted, and data were pooled using a random-effects model.

Main outcomes and measures

Program performance indicators included rates of participation and FIT positivity, adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), CRC detection rate, and colonoscopy quality indicators.

Results

There were 17 studies included from upper middle-income and high-income countries in Latin America with a total of 123 929 participants. Thirteen studies used FIT as the initial screening method, whereas 4 used screening colonoscopy. The participation rate in FIT-based programs was 85.8% (95% CI, 78.5%-91.4%). FIT positivity rates were 15.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-21.8%) for the 50-ng/mL threshold and 9.7% (95% CI, 6.8%-13.0%) for the 100-ng/mL threshold. For FIT-based studies, the pooled ADR was 39.0% (95% CI, 29.3%-49.2%) and CRC detection rate was 4.9% (95% CI, 2.6%-7.9%); for screening colonoscopy-based studies, the pooled ADR was 19.9% (95% CI, 15.5%-24.8%) and CRC detection rate was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.8%).

Conclusions and relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that CRC screening in upper middle-income countries in Latin America is feasible, detecting rates of neoplasia comparable with those of high-income regions. Population-based screening programs should be developed or enhanced in these settings. There is a knowledge gap regarding feasibility and yield of screening programs in lower middle-income countries.

SUBMITTER: Montalvan-Sanchez EE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10835514 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Montalvan-Sanchez Eleazar E EE Norwood Dalton A DA Dougherty Michael M Beas Renato R Guranizo-Ortiz Maria M Ramirez-Rojas Miriam M Morgan Douglas R DR Imperiale Thomas F TF

JAMA network open 20240205 2

<h4>Importance</h4>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with increasing incidence and mortality in Latin America. CRC screening programs can reduce disease burden, but information on screening programs in Latin America is limited.<h4>Objective</h4>To describe characteristics (eg, type of program, uptake, neoplastic yield) of CRC screening programs in Latin America.<h4>Data sources</h4>PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science Cor ...[more]

PMID: 38300621

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Dataset Information

Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance

Objective

Data sources

Study selection

Data extraction and synthesis

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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