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Molecular-level architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii's glycoprotein-rich cell wall.

ABSTRACT: Microalgae are a renewable and promising biomass for large-scale biofuel, food and nutrient production. However, their efficient exploitation depends on our knowledge of the cell wall composition and organization as it can limit access to high-value molecules. Here we provide an atomic-level model of the non-crystalline and water-insoluble glycoprotein-rich cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using in situ solid-state and sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, we reveal unprecedented details on the protein and carbohydrate composition and their nanoscale heterogeneity, as well as the presence of spatially segregated protein- and glycan-rich regions with different dynamics and hydration levels. We show that mannose-rich lower-molecular-weight proteins likely contribute to the cell wall cohesion by binding to high-molecular weight protein components, and that water provides plasticity to the cell-wall architecture. The structural insight exemplifies strategies used by nature to form cell walls devoid of cellulose or other glycan polymers.

SUBMITTER: Poulhazan A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10837150 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular-level architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii's glycoprotein-rich cell wall.

Poulhazan Alexandre A Arnold Alexandre A AA Mentink-Vigier Frederic F Muszyński Artur A Azadi Parastoo P Halim Adnan A Vakhrushev Sergey Y SY Joshi Hiren Jitendra HJ Wang Tuo T Warschawski Dror E DE Marcotte Isabelle I

Nature communications 20240202 1

Microalgae are a renewable and promising biomass for large-scale biofuel, food and nutrient production. However, their efficient exploitation depends on our knowledge of the cell wall composition and organization as it can limit access to high-value molecules. Here we provide an atomic-level model of the non-crystalline and water-insoluble glycoprotein-rich cell wall of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using in situ solid-state and sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, we reveal unprecedent ...[more]

PMID: 38307857

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Project description:An intact cell wall is critical for cellular interactions with the environment and protecting the cell from environmental challenges. Signaling mechanisms are necessary to monitor cell wall integrity and to regulate cell wall production and remodeling during growth and division cycles. The green alga, Chlamydomonas, has a proteinaceous cell wall of defined structure that is readily removed by gametolysin (g-lysin), a metalloprotease released during sexual mating. Naked cells treated with g-lysin induce the mRNA accumulation of >100 cell wall-related genes within an hour, offering a system to study signaling and regulatory mechanisms for de novo cell wall assembly. Combining quantitative RT-PCR and luciferase reporter assays to probe transcript accumulation and promoter activity, we revealed that up to 500-fold upregulation of cell wall-related genes was driven at least partly by transcriptional activation upon g-lysin treatment. To investigate how naked cells trigger this rapid transcriptional activation, we tested whether osmotic stress and cell wall integrity are involved in this process. Under a constant hypotonic condition, comparable levels of cell wall-gene activation were observed by g-lysin treatment. In contrast, cells in an iso- or hypertonic condition showed up to 80% reduction in the g-lysin-induced gene activation, suggesting that osmotic stress is required for full-scale responses to g-lysin treatment. To test whether mechanical perturbation of cell walls is involved, we isolated and examined a new set of cell wall mutants with defective or little cell walls. All cell wall mutants examined showed a constitutive upregulation of cell wall-related genes at a level that is only achieved by treatment with g-lysin in wild-type cells. Our study suggests a cell wall integrity monitoring mechanism that senses both osmotic stress and mechanical defects of cell walls and regulates cell wall-gene expression in Chlamydomonas, which may relate to cell wall integrity signaling mechanisms in other organisms.

Dataset Information

Molecular-level architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii's glycoprotein-rich cell wall.

Publications

Molecular-level architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii's glycoprotein-rich cell wall.

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