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Superior glucose metabolism supports NH₄⁺ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance.

ABSTRACT: The use of slow-release fertilizers and seed-fertilizers cause localized high-ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) environments in agricultural fields, adversely affecting wheat growth and development and delaying its yield. Thus, it is important to investigate the physiological responses of wheat and its tolerance to NH₄ ⁺ stress to improve the adaptation of wheat to high NH₄ ⁺ environments. In this study, the physiological mechanisms of ammonium tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were investigated in depth by comparative analysis of two cultivars: NH₄ ⁺-tolerant Xumai25 and NH₄ ⁺-sensitive Yangmai20. Cultivation under hydroponic conditions with high NH₄ ⁺ (5 mM NH₄ ⁺, AN) and nitrate (5 mM NO₃ ^-, NN), as control, provided insights into the nuanced responses of both cultivars. Compared to Yangmai20, Xumai25 displayed a comparatively lesser sensitivity to NH₄ ⁺ stress, as evident by a less pronounced reduction in dry plant biomass and a milder adverse impact on root morphology. Despite similarities in NH₄ ⁺ efflux and the expression levels of TaAMT1.1 and TaAMT1.2 between the two cultivars, Xumai25 exhibited higher NH₄ ⁺ influx, while maintaining a lower free NH₄ ⁺ concentration in the roots. Furthermore, Xumai25 showed a more pronounced increase in the levels of free amino acids, including asparagine, glutamine, and aspartate, suggesting a superior NH₄ ⁺ assimilation capacity under NH₄ ⁺ stress compared to Yangmai20. Additionally, the enhanced transcriptional regulation of vacuolar glucose transporter and glucose metabolism under NH₄ ⁺ stress in Xumai25 contributed to an enhanced carbon skeleton supply, particularly of 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the NH₄ ⁺ tolerance of Xumai25 is intricately linked to enhanced glucose metabolism and optimized glucose transport, which contributes to the robust NH₄ ⁺ assimilation capacity.

SUBMITTER: Hu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10839024 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Superior glucose metabolism supports NH4+ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance.

Hu Jinling J Zheng Qiaomei Q Neuhäuser Benjamin B Dong Chaofeng C Tian Zhongwei Z Dai Tingbo T

Frontiers in plant science 20240122

The use of slow-release fertilizers and seed-fertilizers cause localized high-ammonium (NH4 +) environments in agricultural fields, adversely affecting wheat growth and development and delaying its yield. Thus, it is important to investigate the physiological responses of wheat and its tolerance to NH4 + stress to improve the adaptation of wheat to high NH4 + environments. In this study, the physiological mechanisms of ammonium to ...[more]

PMID: 38318495

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Project description:BackgroundIn northwest of China, mini Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) is highly valued by consumers, and is widely cultivated during winter in solar-greenhouses where low light (LL) fluence (between 85 and 150 μmol m-2 s-1 in day) is a major abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity. The mechanisms with which various NH4+: NO3- ratios affected growth and photosynthesis of mini Chinese cabbage under normal (200 μmol m-2 s-1) and low (100 μmol m-2 s-1) light conditions was investigated. The four solutions with different ratios of NH4+: NO3- applied were 0:100, 10:90, 15:85 and 25:75 with the set up in a glasshouse in hydroponic culture. The most appropriate NH4+: NO3- ratio that improved the tolerance of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings to LL was found in our current study.ResultsUnder low light, the application of NH4+: NO3- (10:90) significantly stimulated growth compared to only NO3- by increasing leaf area, canopy spread, biomass accumulation, and net photosynthetic rate. The increase in net photosynthetic rate was associated with an increase in: 1) maximum and effective quantum yield of PSII; 2) activities of Calvin cycle enzymes; and 3) levels of mRNA relative expression of several genes involved in Calvin cycle. In addition, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and total carbohydrate, which are the products of CO2 assimilation, accumulated most in the cabbage leaves that were supplied with NH4+: NO3- (10:90) under LL condition. Low light reduced the carbohydrate: nitrogen (C: N) ratio while the application of NH4+: NO3- (10:90) alleviated the negative effect of LL on C: N ratio mainly by increasing total carbohydrate contents.ConclusionsThe application of NH4+:NO3- (10:90) increased rbcL, rbcS, FBA, FBPase and TK expression and/or activities, enhanced photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation and improved the tolerance of mini Chinese cabbage seedlings to LL. The results of this study would provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for mini Chinese cabbage production. In practical production, the ratio of NH4+:NO3- should be adjusted with respect to light fluence for successful growing of mini Chinese cabbage.

Project description:Wheat growth and nitrogen (N) uptake gradually decrease in response to high NH4 +/NO3 - ratio. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of wheat seedling roots to changes in NH4 +/NO3 - ratio remain unclear. In this study, we investigated wheat growth, transcriptome, and proteome profiles of roots in response to increasing NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (N a : 100/0; N r1: 75/25, N r2: 50/50, N r3: 25/75, and N n : 0/100). High NH4 +/NO3 - ratio significantly reduced leaf relative chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, and ΦII values. Both total root length and specific root length decreased with increasing NH4 +/NO3 - ratios. Moreover, the rise in NH4 +/NO3 - ratio significantly promoted O2 - production. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteome analyses identified 14,376 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1,819 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were the main two shared enriched pathways across ratio comparisons. Upregulated DEGs and DEPs involving glutathione S-transferases may contribute to the prevention of oxidative stress. An increment in the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio induced the expression of genes and proteins involved in lignin biosynthesis, which increased root lignin content. Additionally, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that both A0A3B6NPP6 and A0A3B6LM09 belong to the cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase subfamily. Fifteen downregulated DEGs were identified as high-affinity nitrate transporters or nitrate transporters. Upregulated TraesCS3D02G344800 and TraesCS3A02G350800 were involved in ammonium transport. Downregulated A0A3B6Q9B3 is involved in nitrate transport, whereas A0A3B6PQS3 is a ferredoxin-nitrite reductase. This may explain why an increase in the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio significantly reduced root NO3 --N content but increased NH4 +-N content. Overall, these results demonstrated that increasing the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio at the seedling stage induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn enhanced root glutathione metabolism and lignification, thereby resulting in increased root oxidative tolerance at the cost of reducing nitrate transport and utilization, which reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity and, ultimately, plant biomass accumulation.

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Superior glucose metabolism supports NH₄⁺ assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance.

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Superior glucose metabolism supports NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> assimilation in wheat to improve ammonium tolerance.

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