Project description:Two new marine nematode species belonging to the genus Halichoanolaimus from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea are described. Halichoanolaimussinensis sp. nov. is characterized by amphideal fovea with 2.5-3.0 turns, 20-27% of corresponding body diameters; spicules curved, middle portion broad, tapering distally, 1.4-1.5 cloacal body diameters long; gubernaculum slender consisting of two detached lateral pieces tapering distally; 10-13 papilliform precloacal supplements in two groups, the posterior three supplements smaller and closer to each other, the remaining supplements larger and widely spaced; tail conico-cylindrical with a half cylindrical portion. The second new species, Halichoanolaimuszhangi sp. nov. is distinct by having lateral differentiation present except in anterior half of pharynx which has even punctations, amphideal fovea with 3.0-3.3 turns, spicules curved, gradually narrowing from proximal to distal end with pointed tip, 7 papilliform precloacal supplements, gradually increasing the spacing distance forward, two rows of subventral conical setae situated at the precloacal region, tail elongated, filiform. An updated key to 30 valid species of Halichoanolaimus is provided.
Project description:Two new marine nematode species belonging to the order Monhysterida are described from the sea of China. Halomonhysterazhangisp. nov. is characterized by its relatively small body size; short anterior sensory setae; small, circular amphidial fovea located at the level of buccal cavity base; funnel-shaped buccal cavity; an excretory-secretory system with a large ventral gland and opening as a very narrow canal just posterior to the level of cephalic setae; slightly curved slender spicules with cephalated proximal end and tapered distal end; rod-like gubernaculum without apophysis; two papilliform precloacal supplements just in front of the cloaca; conico-cylindrical tail with two ventral papillae, each with a seta; and distance between the vulva and anus slightly longer than the tail length. This is the first new species of epiphytic nematode reported in China. The second new species, Stylotheristusflagellicaudatussp. nov., has a relatively shorter body and longer tail; striated cuticle; The anterior sensilla arranged in two circles, the first circle consisting of six inner labial setiform papillae (3-4 µm) and the second circle consisting of 16 long setae (12-19 µm); a transversely oval amphideal fovea; a well-developed muscle around the funnel-shaped buccal cavity; short spicules and a gubernaculum composed of a single piece; and precloacal supplements absent. An updated key to all species of Halomonhystera and pictorial key to all species of Stylotheristus are also given.
Project description:Two new species of Viscosia from the intertidal zone along the Yellow Sea are described and illustrated. Viscosiamedia sp. nov. is characterized by a heavily cuticularized and relatively shallow buccal cavity with stubby teeth; cephalic setae 7-8 µm long; amphidial fovea invisible; slender spicules almost straight, cephalated proximally and conical distally; and tail conical, straight in males and slightly bent ventrally in females. Viscosiasinica sp. nov. is characterized by a relatively large amphidial fovea, conico-cylindrical tail with swollen horseshoe-shaped tip, spicules slightly curved ventrally, and 10-12 setae surrounding the cloaca, each 3-4 µm long. The basic morphological data of males of 26 valid species in Viscosia with a body length of 1-2.9 mm are presented.
Project description:Two new species, Cerviniellabisegmentasp. nov. and C.permixtasp. nov., are described in detail with illustrations based on females from the Korean Yellow Sea. These species lacking the fourth leg endopod belong to the mirabilipes group, one of two species groups within the genus Cerviniella Smirnov, 1946. Both species can be distinguished from each other by the surface ornamentation of the cephalothorax, shape of the rostrum tip, antennule segments, armature formula of thoracic legs 1-4, and length ratio of the caudal rami. Cerviniellabisegmentasp. nov. is characterized by a short caudal ramus and a two-segmented antennary exopod, which are unique within the genus. Cerviniellapermixtasp. nov. differs from other congeners of the mirabilipes group by the seven-segmented antennule, the armature formulae of the exopod of the antenna and thoracic legs 1-4, and the modified apical inner element of the second endopodal segment of the second leg. The present study is the first to identify the genus Cerviniella in Korean waters, resulting in extension of its distribution area to East Asia.
Project description:Some species of Inocybe s. str. caused neurotoxic poisoning after consumption around the world. However, there are a large number of species in this genus that have not been studied for their toxicity or toxin content. In this study, we report two new toxic yellow Inocybe s. str. species from China based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses and toxin detection. Among the two species, Inocybesquarrosolutea is reported as a newly recorded species of China. We also describe a new species, I.squarrosofulva, which is morphologically similar to I.squarrosolutea. The new species is characterized by its ochraceous squarrose pileus, distinctly annulate cortina on the stipe, nodulose basidiospores and thick-walled pleurocystidia. Muscarine in the fruitbodies was detected by UPLC-MS/MS, the content in I.squarrosolutea and I.squarrosofulva were 136.4 ± 25.4 to 1683.0 ± 313 mg/kg dry weight and 31.2 ± 5.8 to 101.8 ± 18.9 mg/kg dry weight, respectively.
Project description:Complete mitochondrial genome sequences facilitate species identification and analyses of phylogenetic relationships. However, the available data are limited to the diverse and widespread insect family Cicadellidae. This study analyzes and summarizes the complete mitochondrial genome structure characteristics of 11 leafhopper subfamilies and two newly sequenced Typhlocybinae species, Empoascanara wengangensis and E. gracilis. Moreover, using 13PCGs and rRNA data to analyze the nucleotide diversity, evolution rate, and the phylogenetic relationship between the subfamilies of 56 species, verifying the taxonomic status analysis of E. wengangensis and E. gracilis. The analysis results show that the genome structures of the subfamilies and the newly sequenced two species are very similar, and the size of the CR region is significantly related to the repeat unit. However, in the entire AT-skews and CG-skews, the AT-skews of other subfamilies are all positive, and CG-skews are negative, while Empoascini of Typhlocybinae and Ledrinae are the opposite. Furthermore, among 13PCGs, the AT-skews of 13 species are all negative while CG-skews are positive, which from Empoascini in Typhlocybinae, Idiocerinae, Cicadellinae, Ledrinae, and Evacanthinae. Phylogenetic analysis shows that ML and PB analysis produce almost consistent topologies between different data sets and models, and some relationships are highly supported and remain unchanged. Mileewinae is a monophyletic group and is a sister group with Typhlocybinae, and the sister group of Evacanthinae is Ledrinae + Cicadellinae. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the two newly sequenced species with other species of Typhlocybinae, which was separated from other subfamilies, and all Erythroneurini insects gathered together. However, E. gracilis grouped into a single group, not grouped with species of the same genus (Empoascanara). This result does not match the traditional classification, and other nuclear genes or transcriptome genes may be needed to verify the result. Nucleotide diversity analysis shows that nad4 and nad5 may be evaluated as potential DNA markers defining the Cicadellidae insect species.
Project description:Two species in the genera Neoperla and Kamimuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China are described as new: Kamimuria guangxia sp. n., and Neoperla mesostyla sp. n. The new species are compared to similar taxa.
Project description:Two new species of Pristionchus, P. lucani n. sp. and P. bulgaricus n. sp., are described from France and Bulgaria, respectively. Additionally, new morphological and morphometric data are provided for two previously described species from Europe, P. brevicauda (Kotlán, 1928) Paramonov, 1952 and P. clavus (von Linstow, 1901) Sudhaus and Fürst von Lieven, 2003. A phylogeny including these four species was inferred from a dataset including 26 ribosomal protein-coding genes, sequences of which are original for P. bulgaricus n. sp. and P. clavus. Relationships support a radiation of all sequenced European Pristionchus species from a single, gonochoristic common ancestor, and current knowledge of species ranges supports "western" and "eastern" clades. Similar diagnostic morphologies reflect the close relationships among the new and recharacterized species, especially P. bulgaricus n. sp., P. brevicauda, and P. clavus, although mating tests as well as genetic and phylogenetic separation support their identities as unique species. Our results show that Pristionchus species in Europe are more diverse than typological characters suggest, and thus biological and molecular profiling will be essential for future delimitation of Pristionchus species from the region.
Project description:The strongyloid nematode subfamily Phascolostrongylinae comprises parasites of the large intestine and stomach of Australian macropods and wombats. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the Phascolostrongylinae using the first and second internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Monophyly was encountered in the tribe Phascolostrongylinea comprising two genera, Phascolostrongylus and Oesophagostomoides, found exclusively in the large intestine of wombats. The tribe Hypodontinea, represented by the genera Hypodontus and Macropicola from the ileum and large intestine of macropods, was also found to be monophyletic. The tribe Macropostrongyloidinea, comprising the genera Macropostrongyloides and Paramacropostrongylus, was paraphyletic with the species occurring in the stomach grouping separately from those found in the large intestines of their hosts. However, Macropostrongyloidesdissimilis from the stomach of the swamp wallaby and Paramacropostrongylus toraliformis from the large intestine of the eastern grey kangaroo were distinct from their respective congeners. This study provided strong support for the generic composition of the tribe Phascolostrongylinea. The unexpected finding of M. dissimilis and P. toraliformis being distantly related to their respective congeners suggests a requirement for future taxonomic revision that may warrant separation of these species at the generic level.
Project description:Two new species of Parkellus (Jairajpuri et al., 2001) from Vietnam and a population of Parkellus zschokkei (Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 2010; Menzel, 1913) from Ukraine are described, illustrated and their phylogenetic position among the Mononchida is presented. The molecular data (18S and 28S rDNA) are given for the three investigated species - first time for the genus Parkellus. Parkellus hagiangensis sp. nov. is characterized by a medium-sized buccal cavity, posterior position of the dorsal tooth located below the beginning of the pharynx, males having the ventromedian cuticular pores above and below the excretory pore, short spicules with conical proximal part; females with very faint pars refringens vaginae and small teardrop-shaped pieces, short pars distalis vaginae, the presence of small ventromedian vulval papillae. Parkellus tuyenquangensis sp. nov. is characterized by a medium-sized buccal cavity, posterior position of the dorsal tooth located above the beginning of the pharynx, males having the ventromedian cuticular pores above and below the excretory pore, medium-sized spicules with a cylindrical proximal part, very short lateral guiding pieces, females with very strongly sclerotized pars refringens vaginae, medium size teardrop-shaped pieces, short pars distalis vaginae thickened at the junction with pars refringens vaginae. The newly described species are morphologically most similar to P. parkus and P. zschokkei. An identification key to Parkellus species is presented.