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Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.

ABSTRACT: Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in piglets. The virus was first discovered in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since emerged in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. The outbreak exhibited a localized and sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. The virus can infect human progenitor cells and demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing a potential risk for zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous surveillance of and comprehensive research on SADS-CoV are imperative. This review provides an overview of the temporal and evolutionary features of SADS-CoV outbreaks, focusing on the structural characteristics of the virus, which serve as the basis for discussing its potential for interspecies transmission. Additionally, the review summarizes virus-host interactions, including the effects on host cells, as well as apoptotic and autophagic behaviors, and discusses prevention and treatment modalities for this viral infection.

SUBMITTER: Liu C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10854734 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.

Liu Chuancheng C Huang Weili W He Xinyan X Feng Zhihua Z Chen Qi Q

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20240130 3

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in piglets. The virus was first discovered in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since emerged in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. The outbreak exhibited a localized and sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. The virus can infect human progenitor cells and demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing a potential risk for zoo ...[more]

PMID: 38338091

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Project description:Bats are reservoirs for diverse coronaviruses, including swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). SADS-CoV was first identified in diarrheal piglets in 2017. As a novel alphacoronavirus, SADS-CoV shares ~95% identity with bat alphacoronavirus HKU2. SADS-CoV has been reported to have broad cell tropism and inherent potential to cross host species barriers for dissemination. Thus far, no effective antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to treat infections with SADS-CoV. Therefore, knowledge of the protein-coding gene set and a subcellular localization map of SADS-CoV proteins are fundamental first steps in this endeavor. Here, all SADS-CoV genes were cloned separately into Flag-tagged plasmids, and the subcellular localizations of viral proteins, with the exception of nsp11, were detected using confocal microscopy techniques. As a result, nsp1, nsp3-N, nsp4, nsp5, nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, nsp10, nsp14, and nsp15 were localized in the cytoplasm and nuclear spaces, and these viral proteins may perform specific functions in the nucleus. All structural and accessory proteins were mainly localized in the cytoplasm. NS7a and membrane protein M colocalized with the Golgi compartment, and they may regulate the assembly of SADS-CoV virions. Maturation of SADS-CoV may occur in the late endosomes, during which envelope protein E is involved in the assembly and release of the virus. In summary, the present study demonstrates for the first time the location of all the viral proteins of SADS-CoV. These fundamental studies of SADS-CoV will promote studies of basic virology of SADS-CoV and support preventive strategies for animals with infection of SADS-CoV. IMPORTANCE SADS-CoV is the first documented spillover of a bat coronavirus that causes severe diseases in domestic animals. Our study is an in-depth annotation of the newly discovered swine coronavirus SADS-CoV genome and viral protein expression. Systematic subcellular localization of SADS-CoV proteins can have dramatic significance in revealing viral protein biological functions in the subcellular locations. Furthermore, our study promote understanding the fundamental science behind the novel swine coronavirus to pave the way for treatments and cures.

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Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.

Publications

Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.

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