Dataset Information

A detectable change in the air-sea CO₂ flux estimate from sailboat measurements.

ABSTRACT: The sailboat Seaexplorer collected underway sea surface partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) data for 129 days (2018-2021), including an Antarctic circumnavigation. By comparing ensembles of data-driven air-sea CO₂ fluxes computed with and without sailboat data and applying a detection algorithm, we show that these sailboat observations significantly increase the regional carbon uptake in the North Atlantic and decrease it in the Southern Ocean. While compensating changes in both basins limit the global effect, the Southern Ocean-particularly frontal regions (40°S-60°S) during summertime-exhibited the largest air-sea CO₂ flux changes, averaging 20% of the regional mean. Assessing the sensitivity of the air-sea CO₂ flux to measurement uncertainty, the results stay robust within the expected random measurement uncertainty (± 5 μatm) but remain undetectable with a measurement offset of 5 µatm. We thus conclude that sailboats fill essential measurement gaps in remote ocean regions.

SUBMITTER: Behncke J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10858044 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A detectable change in the air-sea CO2 flux estimate from sailboat measurements.

Behncke Jacqueline J Landschützer Peter P Tanhua Toste T

Scientific reports 20240209 1

The sailboat Seaexplorer collected underway sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data for 129 days (2018-2021), including an Antarctic circumnavigation. By comparing ensembles of data-driven air-sea CO2 fluxes computed with and without sailboat data and applying a detection algorithm, we show that these sailboat observations significantly increase the regional carbon uptake in the North Atlantic and decrease it in the Southern Ocean. While compensating chan ...[more]

PMID: 38336893

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Project description:Separating the components of ecosystem-scale carbon exchange is crucial in order to develop better models and future predictions of the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, there are several uncertainties and unknowns related to current photosynthesis estimates. In this study, we evaluate four different methods for estimating photosynthesis at a boreal forest at the ecosystem scale, of which two are based on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurements and two on carbonyl sulfide (COS) flux measurements. The CO2-based methods use traditional flux partitioning and artificial neural networks to separate the net CO2 flux into respiration and photosynthesis. The COS-based methods make use of a unique 5-year COS flux data set and involve two different approaches to determine the leaf-scale relative uptake ratio of COS and CO2 (LRU), of which one (LRUCAP) was developed in this study. LRUCAP was based on a previously tested stomatal optimization theory (CAP), while LRUPAR was based on an empirical relation to measured radiation. For the measurement period 2013-2017, the artificial neural network method gave a GPP estimate very close to that of traditional flux partitioning at all timescales. On average, the COS-based methods gave higher GPP estimates than the CO2-based estimates on daily (23% and 7% higher, using LRUPAR and LRUCAP, respectively) and monthly scales (20% and 3% higher), as well as a higher cumulative sum over 3 months in all years (on average 25% and 3% higher). LRUCAP was higher than LRU estimated from chamber measurements at high radiation, leading to underestimation of midday GPP relative to other GPP methods. In general, however, use of LRUCAP gave closer agreement with CO2-based estimates of GPP than use of LRUPAR. When extended to other sites, LRUCAP may be more robust than LRUPAR because it is based on a physiological model whose parameters can be estimated from simple measurements or obtained from the literature. In contrast, the empirical radiation relation in LRUPAR may be more site-specific. However, this requires further testing at other measurement sites.

Dataset Information

A detectable change in the air-sea CO₂ flux estimate from sailboat measurements.

Publications

A detectable change in the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux estimate from sailboat measurements.

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