Dataset Information

Antibacterial biofilm efficacy of calcium hydroxide loaded on Gum Arabic nanocarrier: an in-vitro study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

An innovative intracanal medication formulation was introduced in the current study to improve the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) therapeutic capability against resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm. This in-vitro study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of Ca(OH)₂ loaded on Gum Arabic (GA) nanocarrier (Ca(OH)₂-GA NPs) and to compare this efficiency with conventional Ca(OH)₂, Ca(OH)₂ nanoparticles (NPs), GA, and GA NPs.

Materials and methods

The prepared nanoparticle formulations for the tested medications were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 141 human mandibular premolars were selected, and their root canals were prepared. Twenty-one roots were then sectioned into 42 tooth slices. All prepared root canals (n = 120) and teeth slices (n = 42) were divided into six groups according to the intracanal medication used. E. faecalis was inoculated in the samples for 21 days to form biofilms, and then the corresponding medications were applied for 7 days. After medication application, the residual E. faecalis bacteria were assessed using CFU, Q-PCR, and SEM. Additionally, the effect of Ca(OH)₂-GA NPs on E. faecalis biofilm genes (agg, ace, and efaA) was investigated using RT-PCR. Data were statistically analyzed at a 0.05 level of significance.

Results

The synthesis of NPs was confirmed using TEM. The results of the FTIR proved that the Ca(OH)₂ was successfully encapsulated in the GA NPs. Ca(OH)₂-GA NPs caused a significant reduction in the E. faecalis biofilm gene expression when compared to the control (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the E. faecalis CFU mean count and CT mean values between the tested groups (p < 0.001) except between the Ca(OH)₂ and GA CFU mean count. Ca(OH)₂-GA NPs showed the least statistical E. faecalis mean count among other groups. SEM observation showed that E. faecalis biofilm was diminished in all treatment groups, especially in the Ca(OH)₂-GA NPS group when compared to the control group.

Conclusions

Ca(OH)₂ and GA nanoparticles demonstrate superior anti-E. faecalis activity when compared to their conventional counterparts. Ca(OH)₂-GA NPs showed the best antibacterial efficacy in treating E. faecalis biofilm. The tested NP formulations could be considered as promising intracanal medications.

SUBMITTER: Mohamed AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10859034 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antibacterial biofilm efficacy of calcium hydroxide loaded on Gum Arabic nanocarrier: an in-vitro study.

Mohamed Alshafey Alsayed AA Fayyad Dalia Mukhtar DM El-Telbany Mohamed M Mohamed Dalia Abd-Allah DA

BMC oral health 20240210 1

<h4>Background</h4>An innovative intracanal medication formulation was introduced in the current study to improve the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) therapeutic capability against resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm. This in-vitro study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> loaded on Gum Arabic (GA) nanocarrier (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>-GA NPs) and to compare this efficiency with conventional Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, Ca(OH) ...[more]

PMID: 38341565

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Project description:BackgroundEnterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans are frequently found in persistent endodontic infection and could remain in dentinal tubules despite intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), a commonly used medication. Thus, an effective and safe antimicrobial medication against such refractory infection is necessary in endodontic retreatment, so we aimed to test the efficacy of chitosan paste against these microorganisms compared with Ca(OH)2 in root canals of extracted human teeth.MethodsThirty-six sterilized human root samples prepared from extracted premolars and upper maxillary incisors were infected with E. faecalis for 14 days, while 32 were infected with C. albicans for 48 h, for mature biofilm formation. The samples were assigned to 6 groups of intracanal medications: Group 1: no medication (negative control); Group 2: 20% Polyethylene glycol (PEG); Group 3: 20% Propylene glycol (PG); Group 4: Ca(OH)2; Group 5: Chitosan + PEG; and Group 6: Chitosan + PG. After 7 days, intracanal surface dentin was harvested using Protaper next, resuspended, serially diluted and spread on Brain-Heart-Infusion agar (for E. faecalis) and Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose agar (for C. albicans) for colony count. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined as percentage of remaining colony forming unit (CFUs) relative to negative control and analyzed using One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Games-Howell test. The significance level was set at 0.05.ResultsFor E. faecalis, chitosan + PG had significantly higher antibacterial activity than Ca(OH)2 (P = 0.039). Chitosan + PEG and chitosan + PG medication significantly reduced viable bacteria compared with negative control, PEG and PG (P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.024, respectively for chitosan + PEG; P = 0.002, 0.003, 0.014, respectively for chitosan + PG). For C.albicans, chitosan + PEG and chitosan + PG were not significantly different from Ca(OH)2. However, Chitosan + PEG and chitosan + PG, but not Ca(OH)2, showed a significantly lower level of remaining CFUs compared with negative control (P = 0.013 and 0.005, respectively).ConclusionChitosan paste showed better efficacy in reducing viable E. faecalis biofilm when compared to Ca(OH)2 after 7-day intracanal medication in this in vitro root canal model. It could also significantly reduce viable C. albicans, but was not significantly different from Ca(OH)2.

Project description:Introduction: Bacterial biofilms are an important virulence factor in chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and other orthopedic infection since they are highly tolerant to antibiotics and host immunity. Antibiotics are mixed into carriers such as bone cement and calcium sulfate bone void fillers to achieve sustained high concentrations of antibiotics required to more effectively manage biofilm infections through local release. The effect of antibiotic diffusion from antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads (ALCS-B) in combination with PMMA bone cement spacers on the spread and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen41 (PA-Xen41) biofilm was investigated using a "large agar plate" model scaled for clinical relevance. Methods: Bioluminescent PA-Xen41 biofilms grown on discs of various orthopedic materials were placed within a large agar plate containing a PMMA full-size mock "spacer" unloaded or loaded with vancomycin and tobramycin, with or without ALCS-B. The amount of biofilm spread and log reduction on discs at varying distances from the spacer was assessed by bioluminescent imaging and viable cell counts. Results: For the unloaded spacer control, PA-Xen41 spread from the biofilm to cover the entire plate. The loaded spacer generated a 3 cm zone of inhibition and significantly reduced biofilm bacteria on the discs immediately adjacent to the spacer but low or zero reductions on those further away. The combination of ALCS-B and a loaded PMMA spacer greatly reduced bacterial spread and resulted in significantly greater biofilm reductions on discs at all distances from the spacer. Discussion: The addition of ALCS-B to an antibiotic-loaded spacer mimic increased the area of antibiotic coverage and efficacy against biofilm, suggesting that a combination of these depots may provide greater physical antibiotic coverage and more effective dead space management, particularly in zones where the spread of antibiotic is limited by diffusion (zones with little or no fluid motion).

Dataset Information

Antibacterial biofilm efficacy of calcium hydroxide loaded on Gum Arabic nanocarrier: an in-vitro study.

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Antibacterial biofilm efficacy of calcium hydroxide loaded on Gum Arabic nanocarrier: an in-vitro study.

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