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Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions.

ABSTRACT: Recent literature indicates that post-COVID-19 patients suffer from a plethora of complications, including chemosensory dysfunction. However, little attention has been given to understand the interactions between chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions in these patients. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the prevalence and combinations of chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions, (2) to identify the odorants/tastants that are compromised, and (3) to explore possible associations between the four dysfunctions in post-COVID-19 patients. One hundred post-COVID-19 patients and 76 healthy controls (pre-COVID-19) were included in this cross-sectional, case-controlled study. Participants' smell, taste, trigeminal, and salivary functions were assessed. The patients had a significantly higher prevalence of parosmia (80.0%), hyposmia (42.0%), anosmia (53.0%), dysgeusia (34.0%), complete ageusia (3.0%), specific ageusia (27.0%), dysesthesia (11.0%) and dry mouth (18.0%) compared to controls (0.0% for all parameters, except 27.6% for hyposmia). Complete loss of bitter taste was the most prevalent specific ageusia (66.7%) and coffee was the most common distorted smell (56.4%). Seven different combinations of dysfunction were observed in the patients, the most common being a combination of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (48.0%). These findings indicate that post-COVID-19 patients experience a range of chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary disturbances, occurring in various combinations.

SUBMITTER: Rogn A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10859368 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions.

Rogn Åsmund Å Jensen Janicke Liaaen JL Iversen Per Ole PO Singh Preet Bano PB

Scientific reports 20240211 1

Recent literature indicates that post-COVID-19 patients suffer from a plethora of complications, including chemosensory dysfunction. However, little attention has been given to understand the interactions between chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions in these patients. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the prevalence and combinations of chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions, (2) to identify the odorants/tastants that are compromised, and (3) to explore po ...[more]

PMID: 38342941

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Project description:Saliva, a biofluid enriched in biological omic constituents, has emerged as a promising source for exosomal biomarkers due to its easy accessibility. Despite the understanding of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the role of Salivary Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) in COVID-19 remains poorly understood. Exploring the proteomic cargo of sEVs could prove valuable for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in assessing COVID-19. The proteomic cargo of sEVs from COVID-19 (+) subjects and their healthy close contacts (HCC) was explored. Nine COVID-19 positive (+) patients and eleven in-house close contact patients identified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs were included. In-house close contacts were defined as individuals with a negative RT-qPCR result sharing a residence with a confirmed COVID-19 case. sEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from unstimulated saliva samples, and subsequently characterized through nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy, and western-blot analyses. The proteomic cargo of sEVs was processed by LC-MS/MS. sEVs were morphologically compatible with EVs, with the presence of Syntenin-1 and CD81 EVs markers. The sEVs proteome showed 1,417 proteins: 1,288 in COVID-19 (+) cases and 1,382 in HCC. 35 proteins were found exclusively and 89 were more abundant in sEVs from COVID-19 (+) subjects. “Coronavirus disease response”, “complement and coagulation cascades”, and “PMN extracellular trap formation” were the most enriched KEGG pathways in COVID-19 (+) cases. The most represented biological processes were “Hemoglobin and haptoglobin binding” and “oxygen carrier activity”, and the best-denoted molecular functions were “regulated exocytosis and secretion” and “leucocyte and PMN mediated immunity”. We suggest that sEVs proteomic cargo in COVID-19 is related to immune response processes, oxygen transport, and antioxidant mechanisms. In contrast, in HCC, sEVs signature profiles are mainly associated with epithelial homeostasis.

Dataset Information

Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions.

Publications

Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions.

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