Project description:Background and study aims Placement of a covered (C)-self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) has been recently investigated as an alternative endoscopic treatment for main pancreatic duct stricture (MPDS) in chronic pancreatitis. Our aim was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies quantifying efficacy and safety of C-SEMSs in the management of MPDS. Methods A multiple database search was performed, including MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library, from January 2000 to September 2020, to identify studies reporting the efficacy and safety of C-SEMSs in patients with MPDS. Stricture and pain resolution were investigated. Other outcomes included technical success, stent migration, stricture recurrence and need for repeated stent placement. Pancreatitis, severe abdominal pain requiring stent removal and de-novo stricture were recorded as complications. Results Nineteen studies were identified, which included a total of 300 patients. C-SEMSs showed a pooled stricture resolution rate of 91 % [95 % confidence interval (CI), 85 %-96 %] and a pooled pain resolution rate of 92 % (95 % CI, 85 %-98 %). The pooled proportion for stricture recurrence was equal to 6 % (95 % CI, 1 %-14 %), while stent migration occurred in 33 of 300 patients, the pooled proportion being 7 % (95 % CI 1 %-15 %). The pooled mean stent duration was 133 days (95 % CI, 100-166 days). The most common complication was pancreatitis (3 %, 95 % CI 0 %-8 %), while de-novo stricture pooled proportion was 2 % (95 % CI, 0 %-5 %). Conclusions C-SEMSs are effective and safe in the treatment of MPDS. However, there is a significant need for further high-quality, well-designed studies to produce evidence-based data on short and long-term efficacy, safety, costs of C-SEMSs, and also optimal stent duration.
Project description:Self-expanding metal stents play a crucial role in the management of patients with biliary obstruction. Endoscopic extraction of uncovered metal stents (UCMSs) and partially covered metal stents (PCMSs) could be challenging because of tissue ingrowth. No standardized technique can guarantee universal success. We present our technique and experience of endoscopic extraction of biliary stents in two patients with a UCMS and three patients with a PCMS. Three of the five patients had a previous failed attempt of stent extraction at an outside hospital. Overall, our composite success rate was 80% (4/5). The individual success rate was 100% (3/3) for PCMSs and 50% (1/2) for UCMSs. The stent-in-stent technique, in which a fully covered metal stent is placed through an existing UCMS/PCMS, was used in 60% (3/5) of the cases, with a success rate of 66.7% (2/3). We share our algorithmic approach to each case, with detailed emphasis on the technical aspects of the procedure.
Project description:Background and study aims Feasibility of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) using available lumen-apposing stents (LAMS) is limited by the size of the common bile duct (CBD) (≤ 12 mm, cut-off for experts; 15 mm, cut-off for non-experts). We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictive factors associated with CBD size ≥ 12 and 15 mm in naïve patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). Patients and methods This was a prospective cohort study involving 22 centers with assessment of CBD diameter and subjective feasibility of the EUS-CDS performance in naïve jaundiced patients undergoing EUS evaluation for MDBO. Results A total of 491 patients (mean age 69 ± 12 years) with mean serum bilirubin of 12.7 ± 6.6 mg/dL entered the final analysis. Dilation of the CBD ≥ 12 and 15 mm was detected in 78.8 % and 51.9 % of cases, respectively. Subjective feasibility of EUS-CDS was expressed by endosonographers in 91.2 % for a CBD ≥ 12 mm and in 96.5 % for a CBD ≥ 15 mm. On multivariate analysis, age ( P < 0.01) and bilirubin level ( P ≤ 0.001) were the only factors associated with both CBD dilation ≥ 12 and ≥ 15 mm. These variables were poorly associated with the extent of duct dilation; however, based on them a prediction model could be constructed that satisfactorily predicted CBD size ≥ 12 mm in patients at least 70 years and a bilirubin level ≥ 7 mg/dL. Conclusions Our study showed that at presentation in a large cohort of patients with MDBO, EUS-CDS can be potentially performed in three quarters to half of cases by expert and less experienced endosonographers, respectively. Dedicated stents or devices with different designs able to overcome the limitations of existing electrocautery-enhanced LAMS for EUS-CDS are needed.
Project description:Background and aimsEndoscopic stent placement in luminal GI strictures is not always feasible with traditional stents. For example, standard luminal stent delivery catheters may not successfully traverse severe strictures, and enteral stents may not be suitable for sites in the GI tract that pose significant adverse events if downstream migration were to occur. We demonstrate extrabiliary applications of specialized, fully covered antimigration biliary metal stents.MethodsThis is a retrospective series of 4 patients with different benign and malignant luminal GI strictures who underwent placement of fully covered antimigration biliary metal stents in different configurations as a bridge or destination therapy.ResultsLuminal obstruction resolved without adverse events in all cases.ConclusionsAlthough off label, extrabiliary use of these stents can successfully address scenarios of complex luminal pathology. To compensate for the small stent caliber, two stents may be placed side by side in a double-barrel configuration. Strict diet modifications are necessary when applying this therapeutic paradigm.
Project description:Video 1A case of bile and pancreatic duct injury with duodenal perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasia.
Project description:Background/aimsThe optimal length of the uncovered portion of partially covered self-expandable metal stents (PCSEMSs) used in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) remains unclear. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of PCSEMSs with different uncovered lengths, with a focus on stent migration and time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO).MethodsOutcomes of patients undergoing EUS-HGS using PCSEMSs with 5-mm and 20-mm uncovered portions at our institution from January 2016 to December 2021 were compared.ResultsSixty-two patients underwent EUS-HGS using PCSEMS (5/20-mm uncovered portions: 32/30). Stent migration occurred only in the 5-mm group. There were no differences in RBO rates (28.1% vs. 40.0%) or median time to RBO (6.8 vs. 7.1 months) between the two groups. Median overall survival (OS) was longer in the 20-mm group (3.1 vs. 4.9 months, p=0.037) due to the higher number of patients that resumed chemotherapy after EUS-HGS (56.7% vs. 28.1%, p=0.029). Good performance status, absence of hepatic metastases, and chemotherapy after EUS-HGS were independent predictors of longer OS.ConclusionsNo migration was observed in patients treated with PCSEMS with 20-mm uncovered portions. Patients treated with PCSEMS with 20-mm uncovered portions performed at least as well as those treated with 5-mm uncovered portions in all material respects.