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CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells.

ABSTRACT: The tetraspanin CD81 is one of the main entry receptors for Hepatitis C virus, which is a major causative agent to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify CD81 as one of few surface proteins that are downregulated in HCV expressing hepatoma cells, discovering a functional role of CD81 beyond mediating HCV entry. CD81 was downregulated at the mRNA level in hepatoma cells that replicate HCV. Kinetics of HCV expression were increased in CD81-knockout cells and accompanied by enhanced cellular growth. Furthermore, loss of CD81 compensated for inhibition of pro-survival TBK1-signaling in HCV expressing cells. Analysis of functional phenotypes that could be associated with pro-survival signaling revealed that CD81 is a negative regulator of NF-κB. Interaction of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 was increased in cells lacking CD81. Similarly, we witnessed an overall increase in the total levels of phosphorylated and cellular p65 upon CD81-knockout in hepatoma cells. Finally, translocation of p65 in CD81-negative hepatoma cells was markedly induced upon stimulation with TNFα or PMA. Altogether, CD81 emerges as a regulator of pro-survival NF-κB signaling. Considering the important and established role of NF-κB for HCV replication and tumorigenesis, the downregulation of CD81 by HCV and the associated increase in NF-κB signaling might be relevant for viral persistence and chronic infection.

SUBMITTER: Bunz M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10864554 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells.

Bunz Maximilian M Eisele Mona M Hu Dan D Ritter Michael M Kammerloher Julia J Lampl Sandra S Schindler Michael M

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 20240131

The tetraspanin CD81 is one of the main entry receptors for Hepatitis C virus, which is a major causative agent to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify CD81 as one of few surface proteins that are downregulated in HCV expressing hepatoma cells, discovering a functional role of CD81 beyond mediating HCV entry. CD81 was downregulated at the mRNA level in hepatoma cells that replicate HCV. Kinetics of HCV expression were increased in CD81-knockout cells and ...[more]

PMID: 38357447

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CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells.

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CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells.

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