A Child with Hoarseness and Recurrent Cheek Erosions: A Quiz.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Song D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10875515 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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A Child with Hoarseness and Recurrent Cheek Erosions: A Quiz.
Acta dermato-venereologica 20240212
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Project description:Integrin ?6?4 is an integral membrane protein within hemidesmosomes and it mediates adhesion of epithelial cells to their underlying basement membrane. During wound healing, disassembly of hemidesmosomes must occur for sheet movement-mediated cell migration. The mechanisms of disassembly and reassembly of hemidesmosomes are not fully understood. The current study was initiated to understand the underlying cause of recurrent corneal erosions in the mouse. Here, we show that in vivo: (1) MMP9 levels are elevated and ?4 integrin is partially cleaved in epithelial cell extracts derived from debridement wounded corneas; (2) the ?4 ectodomain is missing from sites where erosions develop; and (3) ?4 cleavage can be reduced by inhibiting MMP activity. Although ?4, ?3 and ?1 integrins were all cleaved by several MMPs, only MMP9 was elevated in cell extracts derived from corneas with erosions. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that ?4 integrin associates with MMP9, and protein clustering during immunoprecipitation induced proteolytic cleavage of the ?4 integrin extracellular domain, generating a 100 kDa ?4 integrin cytoplasmic domain fragment. Confocal imaging with three-dimensional reconstruction showed that MMP9 localizes at erosion sites in vivo where the ectodomain of ?4 integrin is reduced or absent. MMP activation experiments using cultured corneal and epidermal keratinocytes showed reduced levels of ?6?4 and ?1 integrins within 20 minutes of phorbol ester treatment. This report is the first to show that ?4 integrin associates with MMP9 and that its ectodomain is a target for cleavage by MMP9 in vivo under pathological conditions.
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Project description:PurposeTo observe the therapeutic effect of low-temperature plasma ablation in treating patients with recurrent corneal erosions (RCEs).Materials and methodsFrom 2020 to 2022, 35 participants with unilateral RCEs voluntarily enrolled. Here, 35 eyes of 35 patients were treated with low-temperature plasma ablation (coblation). All surgeries were performed by the same doctor (X.H.). The coblation went back and forth over the entire erosion area around five times for about five minutes. After the operation, patients were scheduled for follow-up visits at the outpatient clinic after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, and at the end of the trial. During every visit, each patient underwent an evaluation of their ocular symptoms utilizing the following: pain score, intraocular pressure, slit lamp biomicroscopic examination, dry eye analysis, corneal topography, and corneal in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 12.4 ± 6.1 months, ranging from 6 to 29 months. Of the 35 patients who had low-temperature plasma ablation, 32 eyes (91.43%) were completely symptom-free and three (8.57%) eyes had repeated episodes of recurrent corneal erosions after the surgery, at 3, 10, and 12 months, respectively. The typical RCE morphologic abnormalities observed in IVCM included the deformation and relaxation of the corneal epithelium, disorganized stromal fibers, reduced nerve fiber density, and disordered organization. After low-temperature plasma ablation, the loose cysts disappeared, and the epithelium became solid and tight. There was no obvious difference in the intraocular pressure (p = 0.090) or corneal astigmatism (p = 0.175) before and after treatment. The mean pain score decreased significantly, with a preoperative score of 7.7 ± 2.4 and postoperative score of 1.1 ± 1.8 (p < 0.001). The mean corneal thickness decreased from 562.6 ± 42.2 mm to 549.6 ± 26.9 mm (p = 0.031). The mean non-invasive keratograph tear meniscus height (NIKTMH) decreased from 0.210 ± 0.054 mm to 0.208 ± 0.045 mm (p = 0.001), and the mean TBUT decreased from 6.191 ± 2.811 s to 5.815 ± 2.802 s (p < 0.001), which manifested as a slight worsening of dry eyes. In one case, the patient's corneal astigmatism became more severe, which may be related to the high instantaneous energy when the operation did not flush in a timely manner, and it was recovered after 6 months. Conclusions: Low-temperature plasma ablation is an effective and safe procedure to treat patients with recurrent corneal erosions.
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Project description:Learning grammar requires practice and practicing grammar can be boring. We examined whether an instructional game with intrinsically integrated game mechanics promotes this practice: compared to rote learning through a quiz. We did so "in the field." Tens of thousands children visited, in their leisure time, a public website with tens of attractive online games for children during a 6-week-long period. Of these children, 11,949 picked voluntarily our grammar training intervention. Thereafter, unbeknown to them, they were assigned either to the game or the quiz condition. By means of learning analytics, we examined variables related to participants' persistence and performance. The results showed large participant drop-out before completing the first level in both conditions (42.2%), confirming the boringness of the topic. More children completed at least one level in the game compared to the quiz (61.8 vs. 53.6%). However, more children completed the intervention (all six levels) with the quiz (6.0 vs. 4.3%). In the game, children answered fewer questions correctly (36.3 vs. 47.4) and made more errors compared to the quiz (16.1 vs. 13.1). These findings suggest that even if a game initially catches user attention, it may not hold it. Plus, even if it is a minimalistic game with intrinsic integration of learning and playing, it may be distractive. We conclude that persistence in practicing grammar may be driven by other means than by a game's shooting mechanics; for instance, by a desire to learn the topic and a feeling of achievement or by quizzing mechanics.
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Project description:Amyloidosis is a condition wherein there is an over-expression of specific proteins culminating in the extracellular deposition of insoluble beta pleated sheets of fibres. These deposits disrupt function of the target organ. Its aetiology remains unknown. Primary Amyloidosis localized to the trachea and bronchus is a rare entity. It produces tumour like lesion in the tracheo-bronchial tree. We hereby discuss a patient who presented with persistent hoarseness of voice who was referred to a tertiary care centre to rule out malignancy.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Fertility rates remain persistently high in Nigeria, with little difference across socioeconomic groups. While the desire for large family size is culturally rooted, there is little understanding of how repeated child mortality experiences influence fertility behaviour and parity transition in Nigeria. METHODS:Using birth history data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), we applied life table techniques and proportional-hazard regression model to explore the effect of child survival experience on parity transitions. We hypothesize that a woman with one or more child death experience is at elevated risk of progressing towards higher parities. RESULTS:Our findings show that child mortality is concentrated among mothers living in deprived conditions especially in rural areas of the northern part of Nigeria and among those with little or no education and, among those belonging to Hausa/Fulani ethnicity and Islam religion. Mothers with repeated experience of child deaths were significantly at a higher rate of progressing to higher parities than their counterparts (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.31-1.61), when adjusted for relevant biological and socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION:Recurrent experience of child deaths exacerbates the risks to higher parity transition. Interventions aimed at reducing fertility in Nigeria should target promoting child survival and family planning concurrently.
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