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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: The effects of long-term omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation during endurance training on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and mental state of healthy individuals have not been evaluated so far. Concentrations of plasma Trp, its metabolites and IL-6 were assessed in 26 male runners before and after a 12-week training program combined with supplementation of n-3 PUFAs (O-3 + TRAIN group) or medium chain triglycerides (MCTs; TRAIN group). After the 12-week program participants' mood before and after stress induction was also assessed. The effects of the same supplementation protocol were evaluated also in 14 inactive subjects (O-3 + SEDEN group). Concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and picolinic acid (PA) significantly increased only in the O-3 + TRAIN group (p = 0.01; [Formula: see text] = 0.22 and p = 0.01; [Formula: see text]= 0.26). Favorable, but not statistically significant changes in the concentrations of kynurenic acid (KYNA) (p = 0.06; [Formula: see text]= 0.14), xanthurenic acid (XA) (p = 0.07; [Formula: see text]= 0.13) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) (p = 0.06; [Formula: see text]= 0.15) and in the ratio of neurotoxic to neuroprotective metabolites were seen also only in the O-3 + TRAIN group. No changes in mood and IL-6 concentrations were observed in either group. Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs during endurance training has beneficial effects on Trp's neuroprotective metabolites.Trial registry: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT05520437 (14/07/2021 first trial registration and 2018/31/N/NZ7/02962 second trial registration).

SUBMITTER: Tomczyk M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10876641 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial.

Tomczyk Maja M Bidzan-Wiącek Monika M Kortas Jakub Antoni JA Kochanowicz Magdalena M Jost Zbigniew Z Fisk Helena L HL Calder Philip C PC Antosiewicz Jędrzej J

Scientific reports 20240219 1

The effects of long-term omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation during endurance training on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and mental state of healthy individuals have not been evaluated so far. Concentrations of plasma Trp, its metabolites and IL-6 were assessed in 26 male runners before and after a 12-week training program combined with supplementation of n-3 PUFAs (O-3 + TRAIN group) or medium chain triglycerides (MCTs; TRAIN group). After the 12-week program participants ...[more]

PMID: 38374149

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Project description:IntroductionRecently, it has been speculated that protein supplementation may further augment the adaptations to chronic endurance exercise training. We assessed the effect of protein supplementation during chronic endurance exercise training on whole-body oxidative capacity (V˙O2max) and endurance exercise performance.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized, parallel placebo-controlled trial, 60 recreationally active males (age, 27 ± 6 yr; body mass index, 23.8 ± 2.6 kg·m; V˙O2max, 47 ± 6 mL·min·kg) were subjected to 12 wk of triweekly endurance exercise training. After each session and each night before sleep, participants ingested either a protein supplement (PRO; 28.7 g casein protein) or an isoenergetic carbohydrate placebo (PLA). Before and after the 12 wk of training, V˙O2max and endurance exercise performance (~10-km time trial) were assessed on a cycle ergometer. Muscular endurance (total workload achieved during 30 reciprocal isokinetic contractions) was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mixed-model ANOVA was applied to assess whether training adaptations differed between groups.ResultsEndurance exercise training induced an 11% ± 6% increase in V˙O2max (time effect, P < 0.0001), with no differences between groups (PRO, 48 ± 6 to 53 ± 7 mL·min·kg; PLA, 46 ± 5 to 51 ± 6 mL·min·kg; time-treatment interaction, P = 0.50). Time to complete the time trial was reduced by 14% ± 7% (time effect, P < 0.0001), with no differences between groups (time-treatment interaction, P = 0.15). Muscular endurance increased by 6% ± 7% (time effect, P < 0.0001), with no differences between groups (time-treatment interaction, P = 0.84). Leg lean mass showed an increase after training (P < 0.0001), which tended to be greater in PRO compared with PLA (0.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.2 ± 0.6 kg, respectively; time-treatment interaction, P = 0.073).ConclusionProtein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment the gains in whole-body oxidative capacity and endurance exercise performance after chronic endurance exercise training in recreationally active, healthy young males.

Project description:The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of a customized vitamin-mineral supplement on blood biomarkers in pre-menopausal females. Women (21-40 years old) who were apparently healthy were recruited from the local community (ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration NCT03828097). Pretesting (PRE) occurred in the morning 5 ± 2 days following each participant's menses and involved a fasted blood draw, body mass assessment, and blood pressure assessment. Participants were then randomly assigned in a double-blinded fashion to either the multivitamins (MV) (n = 43) or placebo group (n = 51). Participants consumed two capsules per day with breakfast for 12 weeks. Following the trial, participants reported to the laboratory for POST assessments, which replicated PRE procedures. Red blood cell fatty acid and serum micronutrient analyses were performed in a blinded fashion at hematology laboratories. A group × time interaction was observed for serum vitamin D levels (p < 0.001). MV increased levels from PRE to POST (+43.7%, p < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in the placebo group. Additionally, 78% of MV participants at PRE exhibited inadequate vitamin D levels (<40 ng/dl), whereas only 30% exhibited levels below this threshold at POST. An interaction was also observed for serum folate levels (p < 0.001). MV increased serum folate from PRE to POST (p < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in the placebo group. Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid content increased from PRE to POST in the MV group (p < 0.001) and placebo group (p < 0.05), although POST values were greater in the MV group (p < 0.001). An interaction was observed for serum HDL cholesterol levels (p = 0.047), and a non-significant increase in this variable from PRE to POST occurred in the MV group (p = 0.060). Four-day food recalls indicated MV increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, folate, and other micronutrients. In summary, MV supplementation increased serum vitamin D, serum folate, and red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid levels. However, these data are limited to healthy females, and more research is needed to examine if MV can affect metabolic disturbances in individuals with micronutrient deficiencies.

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial.

Publications

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial.

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