4D printed hydrogel scaffold with swelling-stiffening properties and programmable deformation for minimally invasive implantation.

ABSTRACT: The power of three-dimensional printing in designing personalized scaffolds with precise dimensions and properties is well-known. However, minimally invasive implantation of complex scaffolds is still challenging. Here, we develop amphiphilic dynamic thermoset polyurethanes catering for multi-material four-dimensional printing to fabricate supportive scaffolds with body temperature-triggered shape memory and water-triggered programmable deformation. Shape memory effect enables the two-dimensional printed pattern to be fixed into temporary one-dimensional shape, facilitating transcatheter delivery. Upon implantation, the body temperature triggers shape recovery of the one-dimensional shape to its original two-dimensional pattern. After swelling, the hydrated pattern undergoes programmable m

SUBMITTER: Liu B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10881973 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature