Diet and Food and Nutrition Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Brandt EJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10882643 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Diet and Food and Nutrition Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease.
Brandt Eric J EJ Mozaffarian Dariush D Leung Cindy W CW Berkowitz Seth A SA Murthy Venkatesh L VL
Circulation research 20230608 12
Poor nutrition is the leading cause of poor health, health care spending, and lost productivity in the United States and globally, which acts through cardiometabolic diseases as precursors to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other conditions. There is great interest in how the social determinants of health (the conditions in which people are born, live, work, develop, and age) impact cardiometabolic disease. Food insecurity is an example of a powerful social determinant of health that impacts ...[more]
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Project description:The obesity epidemic continues to challenge global health, driven by multifaceted environmental and biological factors. Here, we investigate the impact of food insecurity, characterized by unpredictable food access, on body weight, food intake, and body composition in mice. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a combination of intermittent fasting and 5% calorie restriction to resemble food insecurity situations. Our results reveal that this novel food insecurity model promotes fat accumulation and decreases lean mass in both sexes on a standard chow diet. While food insecurity did not exacerbate fat gain in male mice fed a high-fat diet, it further reduced lean mass. RNA sequencing of epididymal white adipose tissue from food-insecure male mice identified upregulated lipid metabolism genes and downregulated immune response genes, suggesting adipocyte expansion and potential immunity dysfunction. These results challenge the traditional view that obesity is solely driven by positive energy balance. Instead, our findings highlight the role of food insecurity in promoting metabolic adaptations favouring fat storage. Our data provide biological mechanisms that may explain the dramatic rise in obesity, underscoring the importance of socio-economic factors, beyond diet composition and energy balance, in understanding the complex etiology of obesity.
2025-06-04 | GSE274149 | GEO
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| S-EPMC5462405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo 1) describe food insecurity and risk of nutrition insecurity (henceforth nutrition insecurity); 2) test the associations between perceived food access and neighborhood environment and food and nutrition insecurity, and differences in these associations; and 3) test the associations between food and nutrition insecurity and diet quality, among a sample of adults with low income.MethodsBetween May-September 2023, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in Rhode Island and Connecticut, USA (n = 1234) completed a food frequency questionnaire, from which we calculated healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 scores. An online survey included questions on perceived food access barriers and the food environment, and food and nutrition security. We used separate adjusted regression models to estimate correlates associated with food and/or nutrition insecurity and their associations with diet quality.ResultsIndividuals were 35 years old, on average, 92 % were women, 43 % identified as Hispanic, and 58 % and 30 % were food and nutrition insecure, respectively. The average HEI-2015 score was 64. Lack of money was associated with an 8-fold higher odds of experiencing food insecurity (95 % Confidence Interval [CI] = 5.76, 10.67). The largest magnitude of association with nutrition insecurity was having few or no full-service grocery stores nearby (Odds Ratio[OR] = 2.27; 95 % CI = 1.27, 4.06), followed by lack of money and limited transportation. Associations between food and nutrition insecurity and HEI-2015 were negative but not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of food insecurity among SNAP participants was higher than Americans, on average. Perceived food access barriers were associated with food and nutrition insecurity.
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| S-EPMC11615129 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC9595113 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceRacially minoritized people experience disproportionately high rates of food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reduces food insecurity.ObjectiveTo evaluate SNAP access with regard to racial disparities in food insecurity.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). On the basis of random sampling strategies, 44 870 households were eligible for the SIPP, and 26 215 (58.4%) participated. Sampling weights accounted for survey design and nonresponse. Data were analyzed from February 25 to December 12, 2022.ExposuresThis study examined disparities based on household racial composition (entirely Asian, entirely Black, entirely White, and multiple races or multirace based on SIPP categories).Main outcomes and measuresFood insecurity during the prior year was measured using the validated 6-item US Department of Agriculture Food Security Survey Module. SNAP participation during the prior year was classified based on whether anyone in the household received SNAP benefits. Modified Poisson regression tested hypothesized disparities in food insecurity.ResultsA total of 4974 households that were eligible for SNAP (income ≤130% of the poverty threshold) were included in this study. A total of 218 households (5%) were entirely Asian, 1014 (22%) were entirely Black, 3313 (65%) were entirely White, and 429 (8%) were multiracial or of other racial groups. Adjusting for household characteristics, households that were entirely Black (prevalence rate [PR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33) or multiracial (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46) were more likely to be food insecure than entirely White households, but associations differed depending on SNAP participation. Among households that did not participate in SNAP, those that were entirely Black (PR, 1.52; 97.5% CI, 1.20-1.93) or multiracial (PR, 1.42; 97.5% CI, 1.04-1.94) were more likely to be food insecure than White households; however, among SNAP participants, Black households were less likely than White households to be food insecure (PR, 0.84; 97.5% CI, 0.71-0.99).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, racial disparities in food insecurity were found among low-income households that do not participate in SNAP but not among those that do, suggesting that access to SNAP should be improved. These results also highlight the need to examine the structural and systemic racism in food systems and in access to food assistance that may contribute to disparities.
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Project description:ImportanceFood insecurity is a risk factor for poor cardiovascular outcomes that occur disproportionately among individuals from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds who have cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiometabolic risk factors.ObjectiveTo assess long-term prevalence of food insecurity among those with CVD or cardiometabolic risk factors in the United States.Design, setting, and participantsThis serial cross-sectional study includes data for noninstitutionalized US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018).Main outcomes and measuresFood insecurity was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Survey Module. We estimated prevalence of food insecurity among adults with prior CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia) across racial and ethnic groups and prevalence of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation among those reporting food insecurity.ResultsIn the analytic sample of 57 517 adults, 6770 individuals (11.8%) reported food insecurity, which was more prevalent among Hispanic (1938 [24.0%]) and non-Hispanic Black (1202 [18.2%]) than non-Hispanic Asian (100 [8.0%]) and non-Hispanic White adults (3221 [8.5%]). Among 57 517 adults, 4527 (7.9%) had any CVD, 2933 (5.1%) coronary artery disease, 1536 (2.7%) stroke, 1363 (2.4%) heart failure, 28 528 (49.6%) hypertension, 17 979 (33.2%) obesity, 6418 (11.2%) diabetes, and 19 178 (30.8%) dyslipidemia. All CVD and cardiometabolic diseases except coronary artery disease were more prevalent among those with food insecurity. Food insecurity increased over time and was more frequent for patients with CVD but not for cardiometabolic risk factors. From 2011 to 2018, non-Hispanic Black adults with CVD had a decrease in food insecurity prevalence (36.6%; 95% CI, 23.9%-49.4%, to 25.4%; 95% CI, 21.4%-29.3%; P = .04 for trend), whereas adults of other races and ethnicities or data based on cardiometabolic risk factors had no significant change. For individuals who had food insecurity, SNAP participation was higher among those with CVD vs without CVD (54.2%; 95% CI, 46.6%-61.8%, vs 44.3%; 95% CI, 40.5%-48.1%; P = .01).Conclusions and relevanceThe prevalence of food insecurity among patients with CVD increased over time. Although members of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic groups had the highest food insecurity, non-Hispanic Black individuals with CVD were the only group to have a significant decrease in food insecurity since 2011. Increased recognition of food insecurity and resources for treating it are needed to address the negative consequences of food insecurity on CVD outcomes.
| S-EPMC9520443 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesFood insecurity contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in health. This is the first study to examine associations among food insecurity, sleep, and cardiometabolic outcomes in urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth.DesignParticipants were 142 urban AI/AN youth (mean age = 14 years, 58% female). Food insecurity and self-reported sleep disturbance were measured using validated surveys. A multi-dimensional sleep health composite was derived using questionnaires (ie, satisfaction, alertness) and actigraphy-derived indices (ie, duration, efficiency, regularity, timing). Cardiometabolic measures included body mass index, blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Covariates were sex, age, and single-parent household.ResultsGreater food insecurity was significantly associated with greater body mass index (b = 0.12, p = .015), higher systolic blood pressure (b = 0.93, p = .03), and greater sleep disturbance (b = 1.49, p < .001), and marginally associated with lower sleep health composite scores (b = -0.09, p = .08). There was a significant indirect path from greater food insecurity to greater waist circumference through poorer sleep health (0.11, 95% bootstrapping CI: [0.01, 0.30]).ConclusionFood insecurity is an important correlate of sleep and cardiometabolic health among urban AI/AN youth and should be addressed to reduce emerging health risks during this important developmental period. Policies to reduce food insecurity and increase access to healthy foods as well as sleep interventions for these youth could help, as preliminary findings suggest that sleep health may mediate the negative impact of food insecurity on cardiometabolic risks.
| S-EPMC9991968 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHouseholds including someone with disabilities experience disproportionately high food insecurity rates and likely face disproportionate barriers accessing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits.ObjectiveThis article aims to examine the role of SNAP with regard to food insecurity disparities based on disability status.MethodsModified Poisson regression models examined food insecurity risk based on disability status (household includes no one with disabilities vs. those with work-limiting disabilities or non-work-limiting disabilities) among 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation households eligible for SNAP (income ≤130% of the poverty threshold). Weighted estimates were used to account for the study design and non-response.ResultsHouseholds including someone with work-limiting disabilities were more than twice as likely to be food insecure than households including no one with disabilities (PR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.90, 2.45); households including someone with non-work-limiting disabilities were 65% more likely (PR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.95). However, disparities were more pronounced among households not participating in SNAP (PR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.22, 3.23 for work-limiting disabilities and PR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.40 for non-work-limiting disabilities) than SNAP-participating households (PR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.03 and PR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.82, respectively). Approximately 4.2 million low-income U.S. households including someone with disabilities are food insecure. Of these, 1.4 million were not participating in SNAP and another 2.8 million households were food insecure despite participating in SNAP.ConclusionsAccess to SNAP benefits is not proportionate to the scale of food insecurity among households that include people with disabilities. Action is needed to strengthen food assistance for those with disabilities.
| S-EPMC10527001 | biostudies-literature