Application of γ-aminobutyric acid improves the postharvest marketability of strawberry by maintaining fruit quality and enhancing antioxidant system
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10901903 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Chilling injury is a physiological disorder affecting the quality of carambola fruit. In the present study, the effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on CI development in carambola fruit during storage at 4°C for 15 days was investigated. The results showed that 2.5-mM GABA reduced CI index, maintained pericarp lightness, and decreased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) while increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. Endogenous GABA content was significantly higher in the treated fruit than in the control fruit during the whole storage. Besides, the treatment promoted the accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid (AsA) under chilling stress. Compared to the control, GABA-treated fruit exhibited a higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and total phenolic compounds, and a lower activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In addition, the Safranin O/fast green staining revealed via microscopic images that the GABA treatment reduced the cell walls degradation of carambola fruit. Moreover, the results displayed a lower activity of phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, which coincided with a higher content of oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) after 15 days of treatment, leading to the maintenance of the integrity and prevention of the membrane of the rapid softening of carambola fruit. The findings of the present work showed particularly new insights into the crosstalk between GABA and fatty acids. GABA might preserve the pericarp of carambola fruit by increasing the content of the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) γ-linolenic acid and reducing the saturated fatty acid (SFA) such as caproic acid (C6:0), caprylic acid (C8:0), myristic acid (C14:0), and palmitic acid (C16:0) progressively. GABA can be used as an appropriate postharvest technology for improving the quality of carambola fruit during low-temperature storage.
| S-EPMC8637291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Strawberries are highly popular around the world because of their juicy flesh and unique taste. However, they are delicate and extremely susceptible to peroxidation of their membrane lipids during storage, which induces water loss and rotting of the fruit. This study investigated the effects of ozone treatment on the physiological traits, active oxygen metabolism, and the antioxidant properties of postharvest strawberry. The results revealed that the weight loss (WL) and respiration rate (RR) of strawberry were inhibited by ozone treatment (OT), while the decline of firmness (FIR) and total soluble solids (TSS) were delayed. Ozone also reduced the generation rate of superoxide radical anions , and the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enhanced the activity of superoxidase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), as well as promoted the accumulation of ascorbic acid (ASA), glutathione (GSH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, a total of 29 antioxidant-related proteins were changed between the OT group and control (CK) group as detected by label-free proteomics during the storage time, and the abundance associated with ASA-GSH cycle was higher in the OT group at the later stage of storage, and the qRT-PCR results were consistent with those of proteomics. The improvement of the antioxidant capacity of postharvest strawberry treated with ozone may be achieved by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and increasing the expression of the antioxidant proteins related to the ascorbic acid-glutathione (ASA-GSH) cycle.
| S-EPMC9057219 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSelenium (Se) plays a vital role in various physiological processes in plants and is regarded as an essential micronutrient for human health as well.MethodsIn this study, sodium selenite solution at 10, 40, 70, and 100 mg·L-1 concentrations was foliar sprayed, and the strawberry plant growth, antioxidant system, and fruit quality with an emphasis on sugar and acid content were assessed.ResultsThe results showed that 10 mg·L-1 of sodium selenite treatment promoted plant growth, while all the treated concentrations could enhance photosynthesis, the antioxidant system in leaves, the content of Se, and ascorbic acid in fruits. More importantly, 40 mg·L-1 sodium selenite treatment significantly increased fruit weight, total soluble solid, total phenolic content, and anthocyanins, as well as improved the shape index. Furthermore, it decreased the total flavonoid and proanthocyanidin content. Particularly, sodium selenite treatment at 40 and 70 mg·L-1 largely increased the ratio of soluble sugars to titratable acid. The changes of predominant sugars and organic acids during fruit development were further investigated. The sucrose, fructose, and glucose content was upregulated by sodium selenite treatment through upregulating the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid invertase, as well as the FaSPS expression. In addition, sodium selenite treatment inhibited the activity of citrate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, rather than modulating their transcript levels to reduce the citric acid content.ConclusionsThis work presented a potentially efficient approach to enhance plant growth and fruit quality and supplement Se in strawberry, providing insights into the mechanism of regulating sugar and acid metabolism by Se.
| S-EPMC11345235 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peach fruit was treated with 5 mM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to further investigate the mechanism by which GABA induced chilling tolerance. Here, we found that GABA not only inhibited the occurrence of chilling injury in peach fruit during cold storage but also maintained fruit quality. Most of the ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic genes were up-regulated by GABA treatment, and their levels were increased accordingly, thus reducing chilling damage in treated peaches. Meanwhile, the increased transcript of genes in the AsA-GSH cycle by GABA treatment was also related to the induced tolerance against chilling. GABA treatment also increased the expression levels of several candidate ERF transcription factors involved in AsA and GSH biosynthesis. In conclusion, our study found that GABA reduced chilling injury in peach fruit during cold storage due to the higher AsA and GSH contents by positively regulating their modifying genes and candidate transcription factors.
| S-EPMC9768863 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The plant resistance elicitor Benzo (1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) can enhance disease resistance of harvested fruit. Nonetheless, it is still unknown whether BTH plays a role in regulating fruit senescence. In this study, exogenous BTH treatment efficiently delayed the senescence of postharvest pitaya fruit with lower lipid peroxidation level. Furthermore, BTH-treated fruit exhibited lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, higher contents of reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and higher ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and ascorbic acid (AsA/DHA), as well as higher activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) in comparison with control fruit. Moreover, BTH treatment enhanced the activities of phenylpropanoid pathway-related enzymes, including cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate/coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and the levels of phenolics, flavonoids and lignin. In addition, BTH treatment upregulated the expression of HuSOD1/3/4, HuCAT2, HuAPX1/2 and HuPOD1/2/4 genes. These results suggested that application of BTH delayed the senescence of harvested pitaya fruit in relation to enhanced antioxidant system and phenylpropanoid pathway.
| S-EPMC8069018 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionGanmai Dazao Decoction is a traditional Chinese recipe, and is composed of licorice, floating wheat, and jujube.MethodsEffects of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and γ-aminobutyric acid of Ganmai Dazao Decoction were studied. The changes of small and medium molecules in Ganmai Dazao Decoction before and after fermentation were determined by LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics.ResultsThe results showed that the contents of lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and total phenol content increased significantly, DPPH free radical clearance and hydroxyl free radical clearance were significantly increased. γ-aminobutyric acid content was 12.06% higher after fermentation than before fermentation. A total of 553 differential metabolites were detected and identified from the Ganmai Dazao Decoction before and after fermentation by partial least squares discrimination and VIP analysis.DiscussionAmong the top 30 differential metabolites with VIP values, the content of five functional substances increased significantly. Our results showed that lactic acid bacteria fermentation of Ganmai Dazao Decoction improves its antioxidant effects and that fermentation of Ganmai Dazao Decoction with lactic acid bacteria is an innovative approach that improves the health-promoting ingredients of Ganmai Dazao Decoction.
| S-EPMC10652878 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study assessed the feasibility of using essential oils (EOs) against Colletotrichum nymphaeae inciting strawberry anthracnose. Two EOs, extracted from Allium sativum (garlic) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), were selected because their fungicide efficacy was already well characterized under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We characterized both EOs in terms of efficacy and impact on qualitative traits and sensory quality of strawberry fruit. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the Diallyl trisulfide (29.08%) and (?)-pinene (15.779%) as the main components of A. sativum and R. officinalis EOs, respectively. Both A. sativum and R. officinalis EOs significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. nymphaeae in contact and vapor assays compared with untreated control. However, EC50 assay indicated A. sativum EO was more effective than R. officinalis EO against the pathogen. Malformations of the vegetative structures of the pathogen exposed to both EOs were revealed as shriveled, collapsed, and swelling mycelia in the cultures. Both EOs confirmed their efficacy under in vivo and greenhouse conditions; in fact, they significantly reduced the development of fruit decay and anthracnose disease incidence and severity, compared with untreated controls. Both EOs preserved sensory attributes and quality parameters of strawberry fruit including firmness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanin, but may leave unwanted smells. These findings suggest that two EOs can potentially represent an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides against C. nymphaeae preserving fruit quality factors, although their cost and the impact on the fruit odor must be carefully taken into consideration before developing a commercial product.
| S-EPMC7461828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The limitations in current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit response to the application of plant growth regulators have increasingly become major challenges in improvement of crop quality. This study aimed to evaluate the response of strawberry to the preharvest application of exogenous cytokinin known as forchlorfenuron (CPPU). Postharvest internal and physiological quality attributes were characterized following storage under different conditions. Hierarchical clustering analysis via a label-free proteomic quantitative approach identified a total of 124 proteins in strawberries across all treatments. The expression profiles of both proteins and genes spanned the ranged role of cytokinin involved in primary and secondary metabolism, stress response, and so on. Eighty-eight proteins and fifty-six proteins were significantly regulated immediately at harvest and after storage, respectively. In general, the glycolysis in strawberry was only regulated by CPPU before storage; in addition to the accelerated photosynthesis and acid metabolism, CPPU application maintained higher capacity of resistance in strawberry to stress stimuli after storage, in comparison to control. Nevertheless, the volatile biosynthesis in strawberry has been suppressed by exogenous CPPU. Novel cytokinin response proteins and processes were identified in addition to the main transcriptomic expression to gain insights into the phytohormone control of fruit postharvest quality.
| S-EPMC4890429 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, exhibits diverse physiological functions and finds extensive applications in food, medicine, and various industries. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) can effectively convert L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) or monosodium glutamate (MSG) into GABA. However, the low food-grade expression of GAD has hindered large-scale GABA production. In this study, we aimed to elevate GAD expression in Bacillus subtilis through cofactor synthesis enhancement, CRISPRi-based host strain modification, and fermentation optimization. In a 3-L fermenter, the optimized strain achieved a remarkable GAD activity of 319.62 U/ml without antibiotic selection pressure, representing the highest reported food-grade expression to date. Subsequently, enzymatic property analysis facilitated the optimization of GABA production using MSG and L-Glu as substrates, achieving 100% molar conversion yields of 274.40 g/l and 481.62 g/l, respectively, with the latter yielding an unprecedented productivity of 48.16 g/l/h. Finally, in vitro fermentation demonstrated that GABA supplementation promoted gut microbial growth and increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidota.
| S-EPMC11813360 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Internal browning (IB) is a common chilling injury (CI) feature in peach fruit after prolonged cold storage. Our previous study demonstrated that low O2 and elevated CO2 (eCO2) condition of modified atmosphere (MA) storage alleviated CI by facilitating the accumulation of jasmonic acids (JAs) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 'Zhonghuashoutao' ('ZHST') peach fruit. Here we show that 10% CO2 alone can improve cold tolerance, with ethylene response factor 17 (PpERF17) identified as a pivotal transcription factor (TF) that promotes biosynthesis of JAs and GABA. Stable transformation of PpERF17 in tobacco resulted in reduced cold damage, attributed to decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as enhanced accumulation of JAs and GABA. Moreover, under eCO2, PpMYC2.1, the master regulator of JA signaling, was found to activate transcription of 13S-lipoxygenase (Pp13S-LOX), allene oxide synthase (PpAOS), 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (PpOPR3), and glutamate decarboxylase (PpGAD), while also inducing the expression of the upstream TF PpERF17, thereby establishing positive feedback loops upregulating JA and GABA biosynthesis. Finally, application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to fruit before shelf transfer from cold storage alleviated chilling injury development, due to increased accumulation of JAs and GABA as a result of raised expression of related biosynthetic genes. Collectively, our results suggest that eCO2-induced PpERF17 enhances JAs and GABA accumulation while activating the JA signaling pathway. This contributes to a positive feedback loop mediated by PpMYC2.1, ultimately alleviating CI of peach fruit through the sustained accumulation of JAs and GABA.
| S-EPMC11908827 | biostudies-literature