Time to act on childhood obesity: the use of technology
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10904600 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The rise of obesity in the United States over the past 25 years has resulted in an increase in the number of research studies published related to the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to the problem. Most would agree that obesity is a multi-dimensional problem that requires a range of solutions related to individual diet and activity, food and built environment, and public policy. Examination of complex relationships between food choice, time use patterns, sociodemographic characteristics and obesity has been limited by data availability and disciplinary focus. Using the theory of the production of health capital, this paper links empirical data from the Consumer Expenditure, Current Population, and American Time Use Surveys to provide estimates of the impacts of food expenditure and time use patterns on obesity in single female headed households of 31-50 years of age.
| S-EPMC3223413 | biostudies-other
Project description:Land use mix (LUM) in the neighbourhood is an important aspect for promoting healthier lifestyles and consequently reducing the risk for childhood obesity. However, findings of the association between LUM and childhood obesity remain controversial. A literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019. In total, 25 cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies were identified. Among them, Geographic Information Systems were used to measure LUM in 15 studies, and perceived LUM was measured in 12 studies. Generally, most studies revealed an association between a higher LUM and higher PA levels and lower obesity rates, although some studies also reported null or negative associations. The various exposure and outcome assessment have limited the synthesis to obtain pooled estimates. The evidence remains scare on the association between LUM and children's weight status, and more longitudinal studies are needed to examine the independent pathways and causality between LUM and weight-related behaviours/outcomes.
| S-EPMC7988622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo test the impact of obesity on health and health care use in children, by the use of various methods to account for reverse causality and omitted variables.Data sources/study settingFifteen rounds of the Health Survey for England (1998-2013), which is representative of children and adolescents in England.Study designWe use three methods to account for reverse causality and omitted variables in the relationship between BMI and health/health service use: regression with individual, parent, and household control variables; sibling fixed effects; and instrumental variables based on genetic variation in weight.Data collection/extraction methodsWe include all children and adolescents aged 4-18 years old.Principal findingsWe find that obesity has a statistically significant and negative impact on self-rated health and a positive impact on health service use in girls, boys, younger children (aged 4-12), and adolescents (aged 13-18). The findings are comparable in each model in both boys and girls.ConclusionsUsing econometric methods, we have mitigated several confounding factors affecting the impact of obesity in childhood on health and health service use. Our findings suggest that obesity has severe consequences for health and health service use even among children.
| S-EPMC5980327 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the past few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has sharply increased in children and adolescents. Childhood obesity life are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, sleep disturbances and certain cancers in adulthood. Childhood obesity has become a serious global public health challenge. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in adipose tissue function and energy metabolism homeostasis, and abnormalities may lead to obesity. We used microarrays to detail the differential expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in obese children compared with non-obese children.
2018-06-14 | GSE104815 | GEO
Project description:Family screen use rules (FSRs) could plausibly protect against the development of childhood obesity, although the mechanisms underlying these protective effects remain largely unexplored. This research aimed to investigate prospectively the associations between exposure to FSRs at age 24 months, obesogenic behaviours (excessive screen time and short sleep duration) at age 45 months, and obesity at age 54 months. Additionally, a model proposing the mediating role of obesogenic behaviours in the association between FSRs and childhood obesity was tested. Data were obtained from 5733 children and their mothers participating in the 'Growing Up in New Zealand' study. Logistic regressions examined the association between three FSRs (rules on quality, quantity and timing of screen time, and different numbers of FSRs), obesogenic behaviours, and childhood obesity. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to assess the potential mediating roles of obesogenic behaviours in the association between FSRs and zBMI. Neither exposure to individual nor all three FSRs was significantly associated with lower odds of obesity. However, protective effects of FSRs were observed concerning obesogenic behaviours. Exposure to individual or all three FSRs correlated with reduced odds of not meeting screen time and sleep duration recommendations. SEM analysis indicated no direct association between FSRs and zBMI; nevertheless, a significant indirect association was identified through the mediation of obesogenic behaviours. These findings suggest the potential benefits of promoting the adoption of FSRs as a promising population-based strategy to enhance child health behaviours and mitigate the risk of childhood obesity.
| S-EPMC11832151 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe benefits of antibiotic treatment during pregnancy are immediate, but there may be long-term risks to the developing child. Prior studies show an association between early life antibiotics and obesity, but few have examined this risk during pregnancy.SubjectsTo evaluate the association of maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy on childhood BMI-z at 5 years, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis. Using electronic health record data from seven health systems in PCORnet, a national distributed clinical research network, we included children with same-day height and weight measures who could be linked to mothers with vital measurements during pregnancy. The primary independent variable was maternal outpatient antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy (any versus none). We examined dose response (number of antibiotic episodes), spectrum and class of antibiotics, and antibiotic episodes by trimester. The primary outcome was child age- and sex-specific BMI-z at age 5 years.ResultsThe final sample was 53,320 mother-child pairs. During pregnancy, 29.9% of mothers received antibiotics. In adjusted models, maternal outpatient antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy were not associated with child BMI-z at age 5 years (β = 0.00, 95% CI -0.03, 0.02). When evaluating timing during pregnancy, dose-response, spectrum and class of antibiotics, there were no associations of maternal antibiotics with child BMI-z at age 5 years.ConclusionIn this large observational cohort, provision of antibiotics during pregnancy was not associated with childhood BMI-z at 5 years.
| S-EPMC6788789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundParents or children's primary caregivers are a key influence on child weight as both decision makers and role models for eating patterns, physical activity, and other social behaviors. It is unknown whether caregivers' time preferences are associated with overweight or obesity in children. The primary objective was to estimate the association between parents' or caregivers' time preferences and children having overweight or obesity in Mexico.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a representative survey of the Mexican population. A multinomial logistic model was used to examine the association between parents' or caregivers' time preferences (patience and time consistency) and child overweight or obesity, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe study included 9,102 children (mean age 10, 43% female) and 5,842 caregivers (mean age 37; 95% female). Intertemporal preference was strongly associated with increased odds of overweight or obesity in children. A medium patient caregiver had higher odds of having overweight (adjusted OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.52). Similarly, having a caregiver with a present (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.72, 3.70) or future bias (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.98) was associated with higher odds of obesity.ConclusionCaregivers' time preferences were associated with having overweight and obesity in children and should be considered when developing policies to reduce children's obesity status.
| S-EPMC10919595 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Childhood obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation considered as a precursor to metabolic disease; however, the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. Studies in adults have implicated gut derived gram-negative bacterial fragments known as lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, activating the inflammatory response, whilst the importance in childhood obesity is unclear. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between circulating endotoxin in childhood obesity, and its' association with inflammatory and cardiovascular (CV) injury biomarkers.Fasted blood was obtained from children with varying degrees of obesity (age: 13.9 ± 2.3Yr; BMI: 35.1 ± 5.2 Kg/m(2); n = 60). Multiplex CVD biomarker immunoassays were used to determine systemic levels of inflammatory and vascular injury biomarkers, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-) 1β, 6, 8 and 10, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type-1 (sICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as endotoxin levels.Endotoxin levels demonstrated a significant and positive correlation with the markers for inflammation, vascular injury and atherogenesis (TNF-α: r(2) = 0.077, p < 0.05; PAI-1: r(2) = 0.215, p < 0.01; sICAM-1: r(2) = 0.159, p < 0.01; MMP-9: r(2) = 0.159, p < 0.01; MPO: r(2) = 0.07, p < 0.05; VEGF: r(2) = 0.161, p < 0.01). Males demonstrated significantly higher circulating endotoxin than females (Males: 9.63 ± 5.34 EU/ml; p = 0.004; Females: 5.56 ± 4.06 EU/ml; n = 60) in these BMI and age-matched cohorts.The present study demonstrates for the first time a significant association between circulating endotoxin and biomarkers of metabolic risk in children as young as 11 years. Thus, endotoxin-mediated sub-clinical inflammation during childhood obesity may be a key contributor to T2DM and CVD development later in life.
| S-EPMC4728817 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7081060 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe present study examined both within- and between-person associations between adolescents' time use (technology-based activities and face-to-face interactions with friends and family) and sleep behaviors. We also assessed whether age moderated associations between adolescents' time use with friends and family and sleep.DesignAdolescents wore an actigraph monitor and completed brief evening surveys daily for 3 consecutive days.ParticipantsAdolescents (N=71; mean age=14.50 years old, SD=1.84; 43.7% female) were recruited from 3 public high schools in the Midwest.MeasuresWe assessed 8 technology-based activities (eg, texting, working on a computer), as well as time spent engaged in face-to-face interactions with friends and family, via questions on adolescents' evening surveys. Actigraph monitors assessed 3 sleep behaviors: sleep latency, sleep hours, and sleep efficiency.ResultsHierarchical linear models indicated that texting and working on the computer were associated with shorter sleep, whereas time spent talking on the phone predicted longer sleep. Time spent with friends predicted shorter sleep latencies, while family time predicted longer sleep latencies. Age moderated the association between time spent with friends and sleep efficiency, as well as between family time and sleep efficiency. Specifically, longer time spent interacting with friends was associated with higher sleep efficiency but only among younger adolescents. Furthermore, longer family time was associated with higher sleep efficiency but only for older adolescents.ConclusionFindings are discussed in terms of the importance of regulating adolescents' technology use and improving opportunities for face-to-face interactions with friends, particularly for younger adolescents.
| S-EPMC5527683 | biostudies-literature