Investigating and Optimizing Insulin Partitioning with Conjugated Au Nanoparticles in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Using Response Surface Methodology
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10905728 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC11923643 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural polymers secreted by microorganisms and represent a key chemical for the development of a range of circular economy applications. The production of EPS comes with notable challenges such as downstream processing. In this work, a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system was investigated as a fractionation technique for the separation of polysaccharides and proteins, both present in the EPS culture broth. The effect of the type of phase-forming compounds (alcohol, polymer, or ionic liquid, in combination with salt) and its concentration were evaluated and compared to the results previously obtained with model systems. The recyclability of phase-forming compounds used to form the fractionation platform was assessed by ultrafiltration. The best fractionation of EPS was achieved using a TPP system composed of 23 wt % ethanol and 25% K3C6H5O7 as 82% EPS-PS partitioned to the salt-rich/bottom phase, and 76% EPS-PN was recovered as an interfacial precipitate, which could be readily resolubilized in water. This represented an increase of 1.24 and 2.83-fold in the purity of EPS-PS and EPS-PN, respectively, in relation to the initial feed concentration. Finally, high recovery yields of phase-forming compounds (>99%) and fractionated EPS (>80%) were obtained using ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) as the regeneration technique. The substantial fractionation yields, selectivity, and recyclability of the phase-forming compounds confirm the potential of TPP systems in combination with UF/DF as the separation method for real biopolymer mixtures. Key contributions of this study include the demonstration of the applicability of a readily scalable and cost-effective separation technique for the fractionation of EPS from real EPS-containing broths, while also the limitations of prescreening with model systems became clear through the observed deviating trends between model system studies and real broth studies.
| S-EPMC11191973 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human skin fibroblast treated with Au nanoparticles induced gene expression changes Keywords: Time course and dose response
2008-01-20 | GSE6818 | GEO
Project description:The distinct features of ATPSs (aqueous two-phase systems) have made it possible to promote the extraction efficiency of biomolecules. The purpose of this study is to discover an appropriate nanoparticle to design an economical optimal separation process, and to understand the underlying molecular mechanism which allows the partitioning of vanillin as a phenolic compound using nanoparticle-based ATPSs. To this aim, the capabilities of several different nanoparticles were investigated as additives for boosting the partition coefficient of vanillin in two different ATPSs made up of polyethylene glycol and sodium sulfate/polyethylene glycol and dextran. Also, in an attempt to explain the salting-out effect, the NRTL (Non-random Two Liquid) thermodynamic model was applied. The impact of very small amounts of modified carbon nanotubes on the enhancement of the partition coefficient of vanillin in the ATPS consisting of the biocompatible polymer(s) and salt was quite remarkable. The results showed that the partition coefficient of vanillin grew by almost 127 percent compared to the system without nanoparticle. The molecular mechanism underlying the increase in the partition coefficient was interpreted by taking advantage of structural analyses.
| S-EPMC6927956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) as an environmentally friendly technique has a high potential for extraction of drugs, proteins, metals, etc. In this work first the formation of ATPSs by betaine, which is a novel, low toxic, and high biodegradable material, and polyethylene glycol or phosphate salts (K3PO4 and K2HPO4) were investigated temperatures of 298.15, 308.15, 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure (≈ 85 kPa). The effect of increasing temperature on the binodal curves was investigated. The experimental binodal data were correlated using two empirical nonlinear three parameter expressions developed by Merchuk, and Zafarani-Moattar et al. and the two-parameter modified equation derived from effective excluded volume theory. Then, the experimental tie-line data were represented with Othmer-Tobias and Setschenow correlations. Finally, in these ATPSs the partition behavior of analgesic drugs, namely acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and ceftriaxone were investigated by measuring of partition coefficient and extraction efficiency. The trend of obtained results showed that the selected drugs were successfully extracted into the top phase of studied ATPSs with a partition coefficient greater than one and in the salt systems extraction efficiency was obtained up to 98% and in the case of polymer systems was obtained up to 8% at different tie-lines and it was found that the hydrophobicity of partitioned drugs is responsible for this phenomenon.
| S-EPMC11825666 | biostudies-literature
Project description:High thiophillicicity of the Au-nanoparticle (Au NP) surface leads to covalent attachment of D-penicillamine molecules to Au NPs to form biocompatible D-penicillamine conjugated Au NPs. The latter are highly water-dispersible, exhibit no cytotoxicity, and can readily penetrate the cell membrane to target intracellular free copper ions for selective copper detoxification in the presence of the other divalent essential metal ions including Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II), thus opening up a new avenue for improving the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of D-penicillamine, an important clinical drug currently used to treat the copper overload-related diseases and disorders.
| S-EPMC4510992 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Innate immune system activation is a critical step in the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response; therefore, activation of a class of innate pathogen receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRR) is a central feature of many adjuvant systems. It has recently been shown that one member of an intracellular PRR, the NLRP3 inflammasome, is activated by a number of classical adjuvants including aluminum hydroxide and saponins [Eisenbarth SC, Colegio OR, O'Connor W, Sutterwala FS, Flavell RA. Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants. Nature 2008;453(June (7198)):1122-6; Li H, Willingham SB, Ting JP, Re F. Cutting edge: inflammasome activation by alum and alum's adjuvant effect are mediated by NLRP3. J Immunol 2008;181(July (1)):17-21]. Inflammasome activation in vitro requires signaling of both the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NLRP3 in antigen-presenting cells. Here we present a class of nanomaterials endowed with these two signals for rapid optimization of vaccine design. We constructed this system using a simple approach that incorporates lipopolysaccharides (LPS) onto the surface of nanoparticles constructed from a biocompatible polyester, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), loaded with antigen. We demonstrate that LPS-modified particles are preferentially internalized by dendritic cells compared to uncoated nanoparticles and the system, when administered to mice, elicits potent humoral and cellular immunity against a model antigen, ovalbumin. Wild-type macrophages pulsed with LPS-modified nanoparticles resulted in production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta consistent with inflammasome activation. In comparison, NLRP3-deficient and caspase-1-deficient macrophages showed negligible production of IL-1beta. Furthermore, when endocytosis and lysosomal destabilization were inhibited, inflammasome activity was diminished, supporting the notion that nanoparticles rupture lysosomal compartments and behave as 'danger signals' [Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, Samstad EO, Kono H, Rock KL, et al. Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol 2008;9(August (8)):847-56]. The generality of this vaccination approach is tested by encapsulation of a recombinant West Nile envelope protein and demonstrated by protection against a murine model of West Nile encephalitis. The design of such an antigen delivery mechanism with the ability to stimulate two potent innate immune pathways represents a potent new approach to simultaneous antigen and adjuvant delivery.
| S-EPMC2695996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Lately, bismuth-based nanomaterials have been widely utilized in medical researches such as imaging, drug delivery and radio-sensitization. Despite their advantages, bismuth-based compounds have shown toxic effects in humans. There are few studies on cytotoxicity effects of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) in-vitro. In this study, we aimed to investigate cytotoxicity of bare and also folate and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-conjugated Bi2O3 NPs on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines. Methods: Bi2O3 NPs were synthesized and conjugated with folate and 5-ALA. KB and A549 cells were cultured and incubated with 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/ml concentrations of bare and folate-5-ALA-conjugated NPs. The survival rates were obtained after 2 and 24 hours incubation of the cells with NPs using MTT assay. Also, apoptosis and ROS generation induced by the NPs in the treated cells were obtained using Caspases-3 activity assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Results: Bi2O3 NPs were successfully synthesized with average size of 19.2 ± 6.5 nm, then conjugated with 5-ALA and folate. Either naked or folate-conjugated NPs were easily taken up by the cells in a concentration-dependent manner and showed cytotoxic effects. The significant cell death was noted at the concentrations more than 50 μg/ml for both compounds. Conclusion: Results indicated low cytotoxicity of the prepared NPs at lower incubation periods, which is very important for their further applications. However, 24 hours incubation of the cells with both forms of NPs caused more cell killing and the cytotoxicity increased with increasing concentrations of the NPs.
| S-EPMC6311633 | biostudies-other
Project description:Interaction of nanomaterials with the mammalian cells remains to be poorly understood at the molecular level. Here we report the first synthesis of hybrid nanomaterial termed phage mimetic nanorods (PMN’s) inspired from filamentous bacteriophage present in nature. We emulate filamentous bacteriophage structure by combining two separate nanoscale entities, one functionalized gold nanorods and the other is coat proteins isolated from filamentous bacteriophage obtained through landscape phage screening. Utilizing biochemical interactions between a phage-derived protein and functionalized gold nanorods, we synthesized novel phage mimetic nanorods. The resulting nanovectors showed excellent multi functional properties including target specificity, imaging and photo destruction ability in a model SKBR-3 breast cancer cells. In addition, to gain insight into the molecular interactions involved during internalization of PMNs by SKBR-3 cells, we performed gene expression profiling of cells exposed to PMNs as compared with naive cells. We identified 70 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes responding to PMNs. Heparin binding internalization was identified as most plausible mechanisms of PMNs entry. Members of Major Histocompatibility complex I (MHC class I) were activated by PMNs, leading to enhanced lysosome and proteasome activity. Seven members of poorly annotated G antigen family (GAGE) of genes were upregulated, and may represent novel mechanism of PMNs entry recognition by cells. In summary, we present a versatile technique of PMNs production as any protein isolated from phage libraries selected against any in vitro and in vivo cells can be used as a source to synthesize PMN’s. This study also opens new avenues to understand the role of nanomaterials at the molecular level. Investigate the effect of phage mimetic nanorods onto SKBT-3 cells
2011-12-31 | GSE23118 | GEO
Project description:Organic pollutants have an adverse effect on the neighboring environment. Industrial activates are the major sources of different organic pollutants. These primary pollutants react with surrounding and forms secondary pollutant, which persists for a long time. The present investigation has been carried out on the surface of activated sawdust for phenol eliminations. The process parameters initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). The numerical optimization of sawdust (SD), initial concentration 10 mg/l, contact time 1.5 h, adsorbent dose 4 g and pH 2, the optimum response result was 78.3% adsorption. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to judge the adequacy of the central composite design and quadratic model found to be suitable. The coefficient of determination values was found to be maximum Adj R2 0.7223, and Pre R2 0.5739 and significant regression at 95% confidence level values.
| S-EPMC5613239 | biostudies-literature