River pattern influences the composition of small indigenous species (SIS) of fish in deltaic Rajbari district, Bangladesh
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nadia Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10906390 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:This study documents information on significant ethnomedicinal plants, which was collected from the traditional healers of three indigenous communities of Bangladesh. The documented data were quantitatively analyzed for the first time in this area. The information was obtained through open-ended, semi-structured questionnaires. The benefits, importance and coverage of ethnomedicine were expressed through several quantitative indices including Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Use Value (UV), Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Relative Importance Index (RI). The agreement of homogeneity between the present and previous studies and among the indigenous communities was evaluated using the Jaccard Index (JI). A total of 159 ethnomedicinal plant species, which were distributed in 132 genera under 62 families, were documented from 174 informants. Of these, 128 plants were native and 31 were exotic. Of a majority of documented species, herbs and leaves were the most utilized plant parts for the preparation of ethnomedicines (45.28%) whereas pastes (63.03%) were the most popular formulations. Among the documented species, the dominant families were the Asteraceae (14 species) and the Lamiaceae (12 species). The highest ICF value was 0.77 for digestive system disorders. Based on UVs, the five most commonly used ethnomedicinal plant species in the study area were Duabanga grandiflora (0.43), Zingiber officinale (0.41), Congea tomentosa (0.40), Matricaria chamomilla (0.33) and Engelhardtia spicata (0.28). The highest RFC was recorded for Rauvolfia serpentina (0.25). The highest RI value was calculated for both Scoparia dulcis and Leucas aspera (0.83). Importantly, 16 species were reported with new therapeutic uses and to our knowledge, 7 species described herein have never been ethnobotanically and pharmacologically studied, viz: Agastache urticifolia, Asarum cordifolium, C. tomentosa, E. spicata, Hypserpa nitida, Merremia vitifolia and Smilax odoratissima. The present study showed that traditional treatment using medicinal plants is still widespread in the study area. Documentation of new ethnomedicinal species with their therapeutic uses shall promote further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations and possibly, lead to the development of new drugs.
| S-EPMC5808248 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An extensive study has been made to identify, document, and investigate the ethnomedicinal plants used by Rakhine ethnic minorities in Patuakhali and Barguna District of southern Bangladesh for the term of April 2018 to June 2019. In this article, we have focused on the Rakhine population trends, management concerns, and some actions for conserving the Rakhine population diversity in the study area. In this study, we have identified the locations where Rakhine population lives in Patuakhali and Barguna districts. A total of 86 plant species belonging to 71 genera and 43 families were reported to be used for treating more than 57 various physical ailments under 14 illness categories from the study area. For each of the species, the botanic name, common name, Rakhine name, family, habit, parts used and traditional medicinal uses of the plant species have been presented. The maximum numbers of ethnomedicinal plant species were utilized to treat gastrointestinal complaints (43) taken after by the treatment of dermatological issues (36). The highly cited (75.60%) plant species were found to be Ananas comosus and Aegle marmelos used for gastro-intestinal (Stomach pain, indigestion, and dysentery) digestive disorders and subsequently followed by Colocasia esculenta (70.73%) used for cut, bleeding and wound healing. The results of this study have shown that Rakhine indigenous communities still depend on conventional plant-based medication to remedy various diseases and therapeutic purposes in the study area. Our findings have also shown that despite there have adequate phytodiversity in the natural habitat of the study area but the number of Rakhine population has been declining significantly day-by-day. As an ultimate result, we have lost the plant-based traditional medicinal knowledge of Rakhine indigenous communities in Bangladesh. As a rich source of traditional knowledge and cultural diversity, it calls for urgent initiatives to conserve the cultural heritage of the Rakhine community as well as the diversity of Rakhine ethnic group.
| S-EPMC7780196 | biostudies-literature
Project description:UnlabelledAt present there is no well structured database available for the venomous snakes and venom composition of snakes in the world although venom has immense importance in biomedical research. Searching for a specific venom component from NCBI, PDB or public databases is troublesome, because they contain huge amount of data entries. Therefore, we created a database named "ISOB" which is a web accessible unique secondary database that represents the first online available bioinformatics resource showing venom composition of snakes. This database provides a comprehensive overview of seventy-eight indigenous snake species covering description of snakes supplemented with structural information of the relevant individual available venom proteins. We strongly believe that this database will contribute significantly in the field of bioinformatics, environmental research, proteomics, drug development and rationale drug designing.AvailabilityThe database is freely available at http://www.snakebd.com/.
| S-EPMC4369687 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Food and nutrition security are essential for accomplishing sustainable development goals, and a growing population requires various food sources to address hunger and nutrition. Indigenous vegetables are nutritious, healthy, and adaptable to local conditions, making them a potential food and nutrition security resource. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional richness of indigenous vegetables by comparing the nutritional content of commonly grown indigenous vegetables like Chenopodium album (Bathua), Coccinia grandis (Telakucha), Amaranthus viridis (Shaknotey), Moringa oleifera (Shojne), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Malancha), and Xanthium strumarium (Ghagra) to BARI Lalshak-1 (Amaranthus tricolor). Shojne violet had the highest lightness (L*), directions (b*), and chroma (c*) of 43.50, 23.69, and 25.02, respectively and telakucha had the highest luminosity (h°) of 114.11. Shaknotey had more moisture (88.97 %) than bathua green (66.62 %) or ghagra (72.55 %). Ghagra had the most chlorophyll a (1.11 mg/g), b (0.65 mg/g), total chlorophyll (2.04 mg/g), ascorbic acid (22.0 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (50.1 mgQE/100 g). Bathua red had significant levels of anthocyanin, carotenoids, and strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 value): 42.9 µg/g, 0.24 mg/g, and 12.4 µg/mL, respectively. Shojne green and telakucha were found rich in phenolic content (136.0 mgGAE/100 g) and β-carotene (2.05 mg/100 g), respectively. Moreover, the studied indigenous vegetables were rich in minerals, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, with a very high K content (49.4-79.4 mg/g). Correlation matrix and PCA showed that ghagra, shojne, and bathua species were nutritionally superior to others. Therefore, the current findings suggest that ghara, shojne and bathua can become a nutrient-rich indigenous vegetable and improve human nutrition.
| S-EPMC11557952 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Detailed geochemical studies of both major and minor elements in Bangladesh surface waters are sparse, particularly in shrimp aquaculture pond environments. Therefore, water samples from shrimp aquaculture ponds and tidal channels were collected in high precipitation (July) and low precipitation (May) months from 2018-2019 in Southwest Bangladesh and analyzed for complete water chemistry. Selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) were elevated above WHO guidelines in 50% and ~ 87% of samples, respectively, but do not show any recognizable spatial patterns. Shrimp pond and tidal channel water compositions in the dry season (May) are similar, illustrating their connectivity and minimal endogenous effects within shrimp ponds. Tidal channels are less saline in July than shrimp ponds still irrigated by tidal channels, suggesting that either farmers limit irrigation to continue farming saltwater shrimp, or the irrigation flux is low and leads to a lag in aquaculture-tidal channel compositional homogenization. δ18O and δ2H isotopic compositions from samples in May of 2019 reveal tidal channel samples are closer to the local meteoric water line (LMWL) than shrimp pond samples, because of less evaporation. However, evaporation in May shrimp ponds has a minimal effect on water composition, likely because of regular drainage/exchange of pond waters. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is positively correlated with both δ18O and δ2H in shrimp ponds, suggesting that as evaporation increases, DOC becomes enriched. Multiple linear regression reveals that As and Se can be moderately predicted (adjusted R2 values between 0.4 and 0.7, p < 0.01) in surface waters of our study with only 3-4 independent predictor variables (e.g., Ni, V and DOC for Se prediction; Cu, V, Ni and P for As prediction). Thus, this general approach should be followed in other regions throughout the world when measurements for certain hazardous trace elements such as Se and As may be lacking in several samples from a dataset.
| S-EPMC8164274 | biostudies-literature
Project description:For decades, the Buriganga River in Dhaka, Bangladesh, has suffered from persistent pollution, leading to heavy metal contamination in fish samples that poses significant risks to human health. This study conducted an analysis of the whole bodies of various fish species, including Heteropnuestes fossilis, Channa punctatus, Notopterus notopterus Channa striata and Colisa fasciata to examine the concentrations of Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic, Cadmium, Barium, and Lead. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, revealing notable concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn, with average levels of 6.85, 156.77, 0.41, and 3.37 mg/kg, respectively. Assessment of target hazard quotients for Pb, against recommended benchmark doses of observable effects, indicated levels 2 to 6 times higher than the recommended safety thresholds. The cumulative totals of target hazard quotients across multiple specimens exceeded 2 and, in some cases, reached up to 7, surpassing the safety cutoff of 1. The risk of cancer from Ni and Pb was calculated to be 1 in 10,000 on average for each, classifying it as a moderate risk. Quantitative analysis revealed that heavy metal concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn in most fish samples exceeded reference safety values. Simultaneously, hazard analysis identified critical concerns regarding Pb content in one sample, and cumulative toxin loads in almost every sample were deemed unsafe for regular consumption. In addition to quantitative assessments, a qualitative survey employed observation techniques, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews to investigate consumption behaviors and viewpoints on fish contamination. The results revealed that consumers generally held an enthusiastic attitude towards consuming these fish and were largely unaware of the associated health hazards.
| S-EPMC10703632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In spite of the high prevalence of malaria in Southeastern Bangladesh, there remains a significant shortage of information regarding the presence of three of five human malaria parasites: Plasmodium ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. The presence of P. ovale and P. knowlesi has previously never been reported from Bangladesh. We used a genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction, targeting highly conserved regions of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, to investigate the presence of malaria parasites in a total number of 379 patient samples in a survey of patients with febrile illnesses in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Southeastern Bangladesh. We identified the first cases of P. ovale in Bangladesh. They were confirmed by sequence analysis; 189 of 379 samples (49.9%; 95% confidence interval = 44.9-54.9%) were positive for Plasmodium sp. by PCR. P. falciparum monoinfections accounted for 68.3% (61.3-74.5%), followed by P. vivax (15.3%; 10.9-21.2%), P. malariae (1.6%; 0.5-4.6%), P. ovale (1.6%; 0.5-4.6%), and mixed infections (13.2%; 9.1-18.8%). We found no evidence of P. knowlesi in this region.
| S-EPMC2912579 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This paper presents the data on the growth pattern, amino acid, and fatty acid profile of five (5) selected indigenous marine microalgae (Chaetoceros sp.; Isochrysis sp.; Skeletonema sp.; Nannochloropsis sp.; and Tetraselmis sp.) of Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The microalgae species were cultured in f/2 Guillard's medium with maintaining standard physico-chemical parameters. The growth pattern was determined for all the microalgae as a prerequisite for further necessary experimental works. All the species were mass cultured using the same culture medium and harvested (centrifuging method), and dried (60 ℃ for 12 h) at their stationary phase. Finally, the amino acid and fatty acid analyses were performed. In many contexts, the amino acid and fatty acid data showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among these experimental species. However, by understanding these experimental species' nutritional profiles, one can easily choose the desired one that is most appropriate for their intended application.
| S-EPMC9679473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effects of protozoa (heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates) on the morphology and community composition of bacterial biofilms were tested under natural background conditions by applying size fractionation in a river bypass system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to monitor the morphological structure of the biofilm, and fingerprinting methods (single-stranded conformation polymorphism [SSCP] and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]) were utilized to assess changes in bacterial community composition. Season and internal population dynamics had a greater influence on the bacterial biofilm than the presence of protozoa. Within this general framework, bacterial area coverage and microcolony abundance were nevertheless enhanced by the presence of ciliates (but not by the presence of flagellates). We also found that the richness of bacterial operational taxonomic units was much higher in planktonic founder communities than in the ones establishing the biofilm. Within the first 2 h of colonization of an empty substrate by bacteria, the presence of flagellates additionally altered their biofilm community composition. As the biofilms matured, the number of bacterial operational taxonomic units increased when flagellates were present in high abundances. The additional presence of ciliates tended to at first reduce (days 2 to 7) and later increase (days 14 to 29) bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness. Altogether, the response of the bacterial community to protozoan grazing pressure was small compared to that reported in planktonic studies, but our findings contradict the assumption of a general grazing resistance of bacterial biofilms toward protozoa.
| S-EPMC3298157 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The gut microbiome is thought to play vital roles in host fitness and local adaptation to new environments, thereby facilitating the invasion of the host species. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (NT) is an aggressive and omnivorous species that competes with native fishes for food resources, and it has successfully invaded much of the Pearl River basin in China. Here, we investigated the gut microbiomes of invasive Nile tilapia and indigenous black Amur bream (BA) in the same river section using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that the gut microbiome of NT had several special characteristics, e.g., higher alpha diversity and greater niche breadth, compared with the bream. The gut microbiota of the small size of Nile tilapia (NTS) and small size of black Amur bream (BAS) groups were dominated by Proteobacteria, while those of the NTS and large size of Nile tilapia (NTL) and BAS and large size of black Amur bream (BAL). BAL and NTL were characterized by Firmicutes and Fusobacteriota, respectively. We found that Pseudomonas, Cetobacterium, Ralstonia, and Romboutsia were biomarkers of the NTS, NTL, BAS, and BAL groups, respectively. Moreover, the results collectively suggested that the clustering coefficients of BAL and NTL networks were greater than those of BAS and NTS networks, and BAS had the smallest network among the four groups. Positive interactions between two ASVs dominated the BAS, NTS, and NTL networks, while the proportion of negative interactions between two ASVs in the BAL network was remarkably increased. Low levels of interspecies competition in the NT gut microbiome would contribute to high diversity in the dietary niches and would also benefit the survival and local adaptation of the host. Our results identified specific biomarkers of gut microbial species in invasive Nile tilapia and provided useful information concerning how to monitor and manage invasive Nile tilapia populations.
| S-EPMC10417376 | biostudies-literature