Magnitude and Determinants of Awareness Regarding Refractive Surgeries Among Saudi Adults
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: AlHuthail R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10906753 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundHealthcare transformation is a multifaceted process that hinges on the collaborative efforts of various stakeholders. The success of a significant transformational project is contingent upon the readiness and acceptance among the healthcare workers.AimsThis study aims to assess the level of understanding and awareness of healthcare workers regarding healthcare transformation, with a specific focus on Vision 2030.MethodsA cross-sectional quantitative study was undertaken involving Saudi healthcare workers. The research employed bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regressions for statistical analysis. Survey data were collected from 456 healthcare workers to gauge their perspectives on healthcare transformation.ResultsThe findings reveal a robust correlation between awareness of healthcare transformation and the perceived significance of the transformation. Notably, participation in the planning and execution stages significantly enhances awareness levels. Conversely, a negative correlation is observed between awareness levels and concerns related to job security and other challenges faced by healthcare workers.ConclusionTo ensure the success of the national transformation program, decision-makers should actively involve all potential stakeholders, particularly during the planning and execution stages. Reassuring healthcare workers about job security and addressing their concerns are crucial steps in overcoming resistance and fostering the necessary support for healthcare transformation initiatives.
| S-EPMC11616189 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a serious preventable pediatric health problem and one of the main causes of accidental death in children. Although unusual in adults, it is often overlooked as a cause of airway obstruction with serious consequences. This study assessed awareness and previous FBA experiences in the Asir community, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Using validated questionnaire, an annonymous online survey was conducted among 870 people aged 18 years and above. The questionnaire was used to collect data about the personal and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, as well as their experiences with FBA, and participants' knowledge and perceived seriousness of FBA. The level of knowledge was deemed good if the score ranged between 60% and 100%, and bad if the score fell below 60%The level of knowledge was deemed good if the score ranged between 60% and 100%, and bad if the score fell below 60%. The majority of the participants (79.7%) were females, 48.1% were aged 18 to 30 years, 72.9% had university degree, 30.6% were students, 26.9% worked in the educational sector, 43.6% reported monthly income of <5000 Saudi Riyals and 19.8% of them identified themselves as healthcarepractitioners. Although the community experience with FBA was considerably high (70.6%) among the study participants, their awareness levels about FBA were deficient. Only 24.7% of the respondents had good knowledge of FBA. Older age, being a health practitioner, and perceiving FBA as a serious incident were significantly associated with good knowledge (P < .001). The findings of this study indicate an urgent need to raise community awareness of FBA. To reduce FBA morbidity and mortality, health education efforts in community and healthcare settings are required to educate people about the seriousness and importance of early diagnosis and management of the condition.
| S-EPMC11296466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlthough the eyes represent 0.1% of the total human body, they are exposed to many injuries, some of which may cause blindness. Ocular chemical injury is a true ocular emergency requiring immediate assessment and initiation of treatment. The present study targeted the general population in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate knowledge of chemical injuries to the eye and the immediate management of the injury.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional design was employed using a convenience sample of 536 residents of the Jazan region who completed an online, self-administered, anonymous, and pre-validated questionnaire.ResultsMost of the respondents were 18-30 years of age (66.0%), and 274 (51.1%) were female. Respondents had an average score of 7.70 (standard deviation: 1.78) out of a total score of 16, indicating an overall lack of knowledge of ocular chemical burns. The majority (95.1%) agreed that ocular complications could result from ocular chemical injury. Regarding the first action in ocular chemical injuries, 317 (59.1%) thought that eye irrigation with a large amount of water, 155 (28.9%) chose to go to the emergency department, 40 (7.5%) chose irrigation of the eye with a small amount of water, 13 (2.4%) chose using eye drops, and 11 (2.1%) chose to cover the eye.ConclusionThe knowledge of ocular chemical burns is lacking in the general population of the Jazan region. There are several knowledge gaps, some of which are serious, necessitating rigorous efforts to correct them through educational programs at the community level.
| S-EPMC9791332 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Knowing the cancer risk factors could help the policy-makers to design appropriate preventive and control strategies.ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness regarding risk factors and determinants of cancers among Bahir Dar city residents, northwest, 2019.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was employed. A systematic random sampling technique was carried out to select 845 study participants from May 1 to June 30, 2019. A validated structured cancer awareness measuring tool was used to collect the data. The data were entered into the Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. A simple logistic regression was run, and AOR (adjusted odds ratio) at a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the determinants of awareness regarding risk factors of cancers.ResultsNearly twenty percent of the respondents had a good awareness regarding risk factors of cancers. An orthodox Christian (AOR = 3. 2; 95%CI: 1.8, 5.6), college graduated (AOR = 2. 3; 95%CI:1.1, 4.9), a family member with cancer (AOR = 2. 0; 95%CI: 1.3, 3.3), and living in a rental house (AOR = 0. 6; 95%CI: 0.4, 0.9) were significantly associated with awareness regarding risk factors of cancers.ConclusionThe study revealed that awareness regarding risk factors of cancers was very low in the study area. Being Orthodox Christian, college graduated, a family member with cancer, and living in the rental house were the determinants of awareness regarding risk factors of cancers.
| S-EPMC8064596 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo investigate the influence of different corneal refractive surgeries on dynamic visual acuity (DVA), and explore its potential influence factors.MethodsThis was a prospective non-randomized study. Adult myopic patients undergoing bilateral laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), or small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with Plano refraction target were enrolled. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA/CDVA), manifest refraction and binocular optotype-moving DVA of 40 and 80 degrees per second (dps) were evaluated pre-operatively and post-operatively up to 3 months.ResultsThe study included 264 eyes of 132 subjects, with an average age of 27.0 ± 6.7 years, and females accounted for 59% of the participants. Significant improvement was observed at the 3-month visit for 40 dps (SMILE, P = 0.001; LASEK, P = 0.006; FS-LASIK, P = 0.010) and 80 dps (SMILE, P = 0.011; LASEK, P = 0.025; FS-LASIK, P = 0.012) DVA. Adjusting for pre-operative DVA, there was no significant difference in DVA among groups at 3 months post-operatively (P > 0.05 for multiple comparisons). Overall, multiple linear models demonstrated that post-operative DVA at 3 months was correlated with pre-operative DVA (40 dps, β = 0.349, P = 0.001; 80 dps, β = 0.447, P < 0.001), pre-operative spherical equivalent (40 dps, β = 0.311, P = 0.003; 80 dps, β = 0.261, P = 0.009) and post-operative UDVA (40 dps, β = -0.224, P = 0.024; 80 dps, β = -0.188, P = 0.05).ConclusionDynamic visual acuity at 3 months post-operatively of the three corneal refractive surgeries was better than that before the surgery in adult myopic patients, and there was no significant difference among different surgical techniques. Post-operative DVA at 3 months was found correlated with pre-operative DVA, pre-operative SE, and post-operative UDVA. With further improvement, DVA could be a promising functional visual indicator for myopic patients undergoing refractive surgeries.
| S-EPMC10022881 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo characterize the quality of vision after SMILE, FS-LASIK, and ICL implantation and evaluate the related factors.Methods131 eyes of 131 myopic patients (90 female, 41 male) who underwent refractive surgeries including SMILE (35 patients), FS-LASIK (73 patients), and ICL implantation (23 patients) were analyzed. The Quality of Vision questionnaires were completed 3 months after surgery, and the results were characterized and analyzed with baseline characteristics, treatment parameters, and postoperative refractive outcomes using logistic regression analysis to find out predicted factors.ResultsMean age was 26.5 ± 4.6 years (range: 18 to 39 years) and mean preoperative spherical equivalent was - 4.95 ± 2.04 diopters (D) (range: -1.5 to -13.5). Safety and efficacy index was comparable between different techniques: the safety index was 1.21 ± 0.18, 1.22 ± 0.18, and 1.22 ± 0.16 and the efficacy index were 1.18 ± 0.20, 1.15 ± 0.17, 1.17 ± 0.15 for SMILE, FS-LASIK and ICL respectively. The mean overall QoV score was 13.40 ± 9.11, with mean frequency, severity, and bothersome score of 5.40 ± 3.29, 4.53 ± 3.04, and 3.48 ± 3.18 respectively, and there was no significant difference between different techniques. Overall, the symptom with the highest scores was glare, following fluctuation in vision and halos. Only the scores of halos were significantly different among different techniques (P < 0.000). Using ordinal regression analysis, mesopic pupil size was identified as a risk factor (OR = 1.63, P = 0.037), while postoperative UDVA was a protective factor (OR = 0.036, P = 0.037) for overall QoV scores. Using binary logistic regression analysis, we found that patients with larger mesopic pupil size had an increased risk to experience glare postoperatively; compared to ICL, patients who underwent SMILE or FS-LASIK tended to report fewer halos; patients with better postoperative UDVA were less likely to report blurred vision and focusing difficulty; with larger residual myopic sphere postoperatively, patients experienced focusing difficulties and difficulty judging distance or depth perception more frequently.ConclusionsSMILE, FS-LASIK, and ICL had comparable visual outcomes. Overall, glare, fluctuation in vision, and halos were the most frequently experienced visual symptoms 3 months postoperatively. Patients with ICL implanted tended to report halos more frequently compared with SMILE and FS-LASIK. Mesopic pupil size, postoperative UDVA, and postoperative residual myopic sphere were predicted factors for reported visual symptoms.
| S-EPMC10294434 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The supplementary dataset presented in this paper was used to measure the level of cybersecurity awareness of cybercrime in Saudi Arabia, presented in detail in [1]. The data were collected during the period of August to October of 2019. The dissemination process took place via an online questionnaire. The survey has four main parts: Personal and skill information (10 questions), Cybersecurity Activities (7 questions), Cybercrime Consciousness (8 questions), and Case Reports (6 questions). Two protocols were employed to recruit participants: subject must be of Saudi nationality and older than 18 years old. A combination of purposive and snowball techniques was utilized to collect respondents via university emails from 27 Saudi universities and WhatsApp messages to people meeting the requirements, gathering a total of 1230 responses. The data can be used to inform responsible authorities in Saudi Arabia about their roles in solving anticipated problems, as well as raising the awareness through programs, training, and short courses.
| S-EPMC8063725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundProbiotics and Prebiotics are essential for supporting both overall health and gastrointestinal health. However, the perception of these dietary components among the general public in Saudi Arabia is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate public awareness, knowledge, and beliefs regarding prebiotics and probiotics across Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsOur cross-sectional study included 1,306 participants aged 18 years and above. Data were collected in Saudi Arabia between May and July 2023 using a self-administered online questionnaire via convenience sampling.ResultsA high level of awareness was self-reported by only 21.9% of participants, whereas more than half (51.8%) of participants rated their level of awareness as low. Overall, 37.5% of participants displayed a high level of knowledge about probiotics and prebiotics, whereas 15.5% had a low level of knowledge. The majority of participants believed in the beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics on overall digestion/gut health (84.1%) and supporting the immune system (72.5%). However, less than half of participants believed in their beneficial effects on overweight/obesity (42.3%), stress management (35%), mental health/stress (29.2%), and heart health (28.7%).ConclusionsThe obtained findings indicate sufficient levels of knowledge about prebiotics and probiotics among a population sample of Saudi adults. However, enhanced educational efforts and optimized strategies for promoting a comprehensive awareness and understanding of probiotics and prebiotics are recommended.
| S-EPMC11540690 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11317711 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Awareness of disability is fundamental to creating equity for people with disabilities in any society. Because Saudi university graduates constitute an important part of society, this study aims to explore the level of awareness of disability amongst Saudi university graduates as well as the level of experience on disability as provided by their universities. A cross-sectional study was performed using a questionnaire developed by the researchers specifically for the purposes of this study. The questionnaire consisted of 4 sections, containing 39-items. Social media were used to recruit the participants and solicit responses: Twitter, Facebook and WhatsApp groups. Upon analysis of the results, it was observed among all respondents (n = 449, male = 246, female = 203) that there was a lack of disability awareness. As such, there is a need to increase this awareness among university students in Saudi Arabia. There is also a fundamental need to provide some programs and/or courses about disability in Saudi universities. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between gender, university type and university major. The study was limited to the Saudi context, and perhaps further research can deal with the major reasons for the awareness shortcomings, and may also cover other countries, singularly or comparatively, which would in turn yield better and more effective results. The study helps address the equality of people with disabilities where the result of the study can be used as the basis for further research on the topic.
| S-EPMC9674535 | biostudies-literature