Translucency of recent zirconia materials and material-related variables affecting their translucency: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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SUBMITTER: Yousry M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10913643 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the new, multilayered, translucent zirconia and enhanced glass-ceramics to determine if their translucency (TP) and color stability (?E) are affected by thermocycling at 10,000, 30,000, and 50,000 cycles. Materials & methods Two pre-shaded, multilayer zirconia products: Prettau® 2 Dispersive® (PRT) and Prettau® 4 Anterior® Multi® (PRTA), and two glass-ceramic: IPS e.max CAD® HT (E.max) and Vita Suprinity® HT (VS) were used. All were prepared and sectioned to get plate specimens with dimensions 12.5x14.5x1 mm (n=12) for each material. The L*a*b* values were recorded using a spectrophotometer before and after thermocycling for 10,000, 30,000, and 50000 cycles. The translucencies of the specimens were calculated using the TP formula and the color changes were giving by the color differences ?E formula at each interval. Results One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test and multiple paired t-tests (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant higher TP for E.max before (16.2) and after aging (16.9) (p<0.001**). All the tested groups showed a statistically significant increase in their TP at different intervals. PRT showed significantly higher ?E (p<0.001**) after 50,000 cycles. Conclusion There was a mild but significant increase in translucency in both Zirconia and glass-ceramic after thermocycling. In addition, all materials showed a significant color change with time, however, this is not clinically perceptible.
| S-EPMC7067582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Zirconia-based materials are widely used in dentistry due to their biocompatibility and suitable mechanical and tribological behavior. Although commonly processed by subtractive manufacturing (SM), alternative techniques are being explored to reduce material waste, energy consumption and production time. 3D printing has received increasing interest for this purpose. This systematic review intends to gather information on the state of the art of additive manufacturing (AM) of zirconia-based materials for dental applications. As far as the authors know, this is the first time that a comparative analysis of these materials' properties has been performed. It was performed following the PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to select studies that met the defined criteria without restrictions on publication year. Stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) were the techniques most focused on in the literature and the ones that led to most promising outcomes. However, other techniques, such as robocasting (RC) and material jetting (MJ), have also led to good results. In all cases, the main concerns are centered on dimensional accuracy, resolution, and insufficient mechanical strength of the pieces. Despite the struggles inherent to the different 3D printing techniques, the commitment to adapt materials, procedures and workflows to these digital technologies is remarkable. Overall, the research on this topic can be seen as a disruptive technological progress with a wide range of application possibilities.
| S-EPMC10004380 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Optical characteristics and microstructure of multilayered zirconia with different yttria contents in each layer can be influenced differently with a layer after speed sintering. The layer-wise translucency and opalescence of dental zirconia (E.max, E.max ZirCAD prime; Cercon, Cercon ht ML) after conventional (control) and speed sintering were analyzed using a spectrophotometer (n = 5). Specimens were subjected to microstructural analyses (n = 2) using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and phase analyses (n = 1) using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and Rietveld refinement. The translucency parameter (TP) and opalescence parameter (OP) were analyzed using a 3-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffé's post hoc test (α = 0.05). The average grain size was analyzed using the Welch's t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Bonferroni-Dunn post hoc test (α = 0.05). Changes to the TP and OP after speed sintering were only observed in the dentin layers. Although the TP of E.max increased (p < 0.05), the difference was below the 50:50% perceptibility threshold (ΔE00 = 0.8). The OP of E.max decreased slightly, whereas that of Cercon increased slightly (p < 0.05). The microstructure and phase fraction of both zirconia barely changed. Therefore, speed sintering is considered to have a negligible clinical impact on the optical characteristics and microstructure.
| S-EPMC11547037 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo assess the clinical outcomes of zirconia dental implants based on an updated systematic literature review.MethodsAn electronic search was performed in three databases, last updated in June 2023, supplemented by hand searching. The eligibility criteria were clinical studies reporting patients rehabilitated with zirconia implants. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) of implants was calculated. A meta-analysis for marginal bone loss (MBL) under different follow-up times and a meta-regression assessing the relationship between mean MBL and follow-up were done.ResultsTwenty-five studies were included (4017 implants, 2083 patients). Seven studies had follow-up longer than 60 months. 172 implants failed, after a mean of 12.0 ± 16.1 months (min-max 0.3-86.0), of which 47 early failures, and 26 due to implant fracture, the majority in narrow-diameter implants. The 10-year CSR was 95.1%. Implants with coronal part prepared by drills presented statistically significant lower survival than non-prepared implants (p < 0.001). Two-piece implants presented lower survival than one-piece implants (p = 0.017). Implants discontinued from the market presented lower survival than the commercially available ones (p < 0.001). The difference in survival was not significant between implants in maxilla and mandible (p = 0.637). The mean MBL fluctuated between 0.632 and 2.060 mm over long periods of observation (up until 132 months). There was an estimated MBL increase of 0.005 mm per additional month of follow-up.ConclusionZirconia implants present high 10-year CSR and short-term low MBL. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022342055).Clinical relevanceThe clinical outcomes observed for zirconia dental implants are very promising, although these have not yet been extensively studied as titanium alloy implants.
| S-EPMC10746607 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the literature regarding the clinical performance of zirconia crowns for primary teeth. Four electronic databases, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Clinical, observational, and laboratory studies were included. Studies that assessed the performance of zirconia crowns for primary teeth using outcomes such as gingival and periodontal health, parental satisfaction, color stability, crown retention, contour, fracture resistance, marginal integrity, surface roughness, and recurrent caries were included. Risk of bias was assessed using different assessment tools depending on the type of the assessed study. Out of the 2400 retrieved records, 73 full-text records were assessed for eligibility. Thirty-six studies were included for qualitative analysis. The included studies reported that zirconia crowns for primary teeth were associated with better gingival and periodontal health, good retention, high fracture resistance, color stability, high parental acceptance, good marginal adaptation, smooth cosmetic surface, and no recurrent caries. Zirconia crowns are promising alternative to other restorative materials and crowns in the field of pediatric dentistry. They showed higher properties and performance in different clinical aspects and great parental satisfaction.
| S-EPMC8910015 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimAchieving the aesthetic standards in tooth-colored restorative materials requires close attention to their color, translucency, and resistance to discoloration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sintering temperature on color stability and translucency in zirconia systems with low, high, and ultra-high translucencies.MethodsThis experimental study was conducted on 60 zirconia disks with low, high and ultra-high translucencies (n = 20 per group), each group divided into subgroups to be sintered at either 1450°C or 1550°C (n = 10 per subgroup). Baseline color and translucency parameters were measured, the specimens were then immersed in coffee solution for 30 days, and the measurements were repeated post-immersion. Changes in color (ΔE) and translucency (ΔTP) were calculated via CIELAB formula and compared by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsResults of two-way ANOVA showed that the ΔE was significantly different among the three zirconia translucencies (P<0.001), but no significant difference was found between the two sintering temperatures (P = 0.712). Additionally, the interaction between zirconia type and sintering temperature was not statistically significant for ΔE (P = 0.264). The low-translucency group showed significantly greater ΔE than the high-translucency and ultra-high-translucency groups (P<0.05), while the high- and ultra-high-translucency groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Regarding the ΔTP, two-way ANOVA showed that the difference was not statistically significant either among the three zirconia types (P = 0.4430) or between the two sintering temperatures (P = 0.4544). Nor was the interaction between zirconia type and sintering temperature statistically significant (P = 0.5505).ConclusionIt was concluded that sintering temperature had no effect on color and translucency changes after immersion in coffee. Whereas zirconia type significantly affected the color changes after immersion in coffee; with the higher-translucency zirconia types being significantly more color-stable than the low-translucency zirconia.
| S-EPMC11563469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe aim was to study the masking ability of high-translucency monolithic zirconia and provide guidance in selecting resin luting cements in order to mask discolored substrates.Materials and methods160 high-translucency zirconia specimens were divided into 32 groups depending on their thickness and shades. Using five shades of try-in paste, the specimens were luted onto the sub strates (Co-Cr, precious-metal, opaque porcelain-sintered Co-Cr, opaque porcelain-sintered precious-metal, and 5M3-shade zirconia). All CIELAB color parameters were measured and statistically analyzed.ResultsZirconia shade and thickness and try-in paste shade affected CIELAB color parameters (P=.000) in different substrates groups, and there were interactions among these factors (P=.000). All five try-in paste shades can be chosen to achieve ΔE values of zirconia with 1.2 - 1.5 mm for masking dark-tooth-like 5M3-shade and zirconia with 1.5 mm for masking precious-metal groups < 2.6. Only suitable try-in paste shades were used, can ΔE values that less than 2.6 be achieved when applied translucent monolithic zirconia with 0.7-1.0 mm for masking dark-tooth-like 5M3-shade and zirconia with 0.7 - 1.2 mm for masking precious-metal groups.ConclusionChoosing suitable resin cement shades is necessary for high-translucency monolithic zirconia to achieve ideal masking ability (ΔE < 2.6) on the dark-tooth.
| S-EPMC6856310 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the color stability and translucency of various types of monolithic zirconia after immersion in chlorhexidine and Listerine mouthwashes.Materials and methodsThis experimental study was performed on 36 disk-shaped specimens fabricated from low-translucent, high-translucent, and multilayered monolithic zirconia (n = 12 per group). Each group was equally divided and immersed in either 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) or Listerine mouthwash for 2 min daily over 7 days. Changes in color (ΔE) and the translucency parameter (ΔTP) were evaluated and compared. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsChlorhexidine caused a significantly lower ΔE and a significantly higher ΔTP in multilayered zirconia compared to the low-translucency (ΔE: P = 0.0027, ΔTP: P<0.001) and the high-translucency zirconia group (ΔE: P<0.001, ΔTP: P = 0.022). Listerine caused a significantly higher ΔE in the high-translucency zirconia group compared to the multilayered zirconia group (P = 0.0165). It also resulted in a significantly higher mean ΔTP in the multilayered zirconia group compared to the low-translucency (P = 0.0003) and high-translucency zirconia groups (P = 0.019).ConclusionsIn both mouthwashes, multilayered monolithic zirconia exhibited the highest color stability among the tested materials; albeit with the most pronounced changes in translucency. Meanwhile, high-translucency monolithic zirconia was more prone to discoloration when exposed to both mouthwashes.
| S-EPMC10691725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Various protocols are available to preclinically assess the fracture resistance of zirconia oral implants. The objective of the present review was to determine the impact of different treatments (dynamic loading, hydrothermal aging) and implant features (e.g., material, design or manufacturing) on the fracture resistance of zirconia implants. An electronic screening of two databases (MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase) was performed. Investigations including > 5 screw-shaped implants providing information to calculate the bending moment at the time point of static loading to fracture were considered. Data was extracted and meta-analyses were conducted using multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models (GLMs). The Šidák method was used to correct for multiple testing. The initial search resulted in 1864 articles, and finally 19 investigations loading 731 zirconia implants to fracture were analyzed. In general, fracture resistance was affected by the implant design (1-piece > 2-piece, p = 0.004), material (alumina-toughened zirconia/ATZ > yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal/Y-TZP, p = 0.002) and abutment preparation (untouched > modified/grinded, p < 0.001). In case of 2-piece implants, the amount of dynamic loading cycles prior to static loading (p < 0.001) or anatomical crown supply (p < 0.001) negatively affected the outcome. No impact was found for hydrothermal aging. Heterogeneous findings of the present review highlight the importance of thoroughly and individually evaluating the fracture resistance of every zirconia implant system prior to market release.
| S-EPMC7040771 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVaccine protection investigation includes three processes: vaccination, pathogen challenge, and vaccine protection efficacy assessment. Many variables can affect the results of vaccine protection. Brucella, a genus of facultative intracellular bacteria, is the etiologic agent of brucellosis in humans and multiple animal species. Extensive research has been conducted in developing effective live attenuated Brucella vaccines. We hypothesized that some variables play a more important role than others in determining vaccine protective efficacy. Using Brucella vaccines and vaccine candidates as study models, this hypothesis was tested by meta-analysis of Brucella vaccine studies reported in the literature.ResultsNineteen variables related to vaccine-induced protection of mice against infection with virulent brucellae were selected based on modeling investigation of the vaccine protection processes. The variable "vaccine protection efficacy" was set as a dependent variable while the other eighteen were set as independent variables. Discrete or continuous values were collected from papers for each variable of each data set. In total, 401 experimental groups were manually annotated from 74 peer-reviewed publications containing mouse protection data for live attenuated Brucella vaccines or vaccine candidates. Our ANOVA analysis indicated that nine variables contributed significantly (P-value < 0.05) to Brucella vaccine protection efficacy: vaccine strain, vaccination host (mouse) strain, vaccination dose, vaccination route, challenge pathogen strain, challenge route, challenge-killing interval, colony forming units (CFUs) in mouse spleen, and CFU reduction compared to control group. The other 10 variables (e.g., mouse age, vaccination-challenge interval, and challenge dose) were not found to be statistically significant (P-value > 0.05). The protection level of RB51 was sacrificed when the values of several variables (e.g., vaccination route, vaccine viability, and challenge pathogen strain) change. It is suggestive that it is difficult to protect against aerosol challenge. Somewhat counter-intuitively, our results indicate that intraperitoneal and subcutaneous vaccinations are much more effective to protect against aerosol Brucella challenge than intranasal vaccination.ConclusionsLiterature meta-analysis identified variables that significantly contribute to Brucella vaccine protection efficacy. The results obtained provide critical information for rational vaccine study design. Literature meta-analysis is generic and can be applied to analyze variables critical for vaccine protection against other infectious diseases.
| S-EPMC3633026 | biostudies-literature