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Intergenerational continuity of loneliness and potential mechanisms: Young Finns Multigenerational Study.

ABSTRACT: Evidence on the intergenerational continuity of loneliness and on potential mechanisms that connect loneliness across successive generations is limited. We examined the association between loneliness of (G0) parents (859 mothers and 570 fathers, mean age 74 years) and their children (G1) (433 sons and 558 daughters, mean age 47 years) producing 991 parent-offspring pairs and tested whether these associations were mediated through subjective socioeconomic position, temperament characteristics, cognitive performance, and depressive symptoms. Mean loneliness across parents had an independent effect on their adult children's experienced loneliness (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.23-2.42). We also found a robust effect of mothers' (OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.17-2.29), but not of fathers' loneliness (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.96-2.25) on offspring's experienced loneliness in adulthood. The associations were partly mediated by offspring depressive (41-54%) and anxiety (29-31%) symptoms. The current findings emphasize the high interdependence of loneliness within families mediated partly by offspring's mental health problems.

SUBMITTER: Elovainio M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10915156 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Intergenerational continuity of loneliness and potential mechanisms: Young Finns Multigenerational Study.

Elovainio Marko M Komulainen Kaisla K Hakulinen Christian C Pahkala Katja K Rovio Suvi S Hutri Nina N Raitakari Olli T OT Pulkki-Råback Laura L

Scientific reports 20240305 1

Evidence on the intergenerational continuity of loneliness and on potential mechanisms that connect loneliness across successive generations is limited. We examined the association between loneliness of (G0) parents (859 mothers and 570 fathers, mean age 74 years) and their children (G1) (433 sons and 558 daughters, mean age 47 years) producing 991 parent-offspring pairs and tested whether these associations were mediated through subjective socioeconomic position, temperament characteristics, co ...[more]

PMID: 38443584

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Project description:Background Chronological aging-associated changes in the human DNA methylome are studied by multiple epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS); however, the aging-associated DNAmet changes identified among different age groups and tissues vary and especially the rates of aging-associated alterations in the epigenome during adulthood remain unclear. Here, we further explore and characterize CpG-sites where DNA methylation levels alter at a constant rate during adulthood and are also independent of blood cell type heterogeneity. Results In the study, we observed 1,202 aging-associated CpG-sites (a-CpGs), of which 48% were hypermethylated with advancing age in whole blood with an especially narrow age range (40 - 49 years). Repeatedly reported a-CpGs in ELOVL2, FHL2, PENK and KLF14 were also identified. Regions with aging-associated hypermethylation were enriched to several gene ontology terms (especially on the cluster of developmental processes), while hypomethylated sites showed no enrichment. The genes with a higher number of a-CpG hits were more often hypermethylated. Of the 1,202 aging-associated CpG-sites in the present study, 987 were identified in previous study (Vitality 90+) as differentially methylated also between nonagenarians and young adults in a previous study, and importantly, the directions of changes were identical in the previous and in the present study. Conclusions The set of 987 replicated a-CpGs presented here are altered in strong association with chronological aging in the whole range of adulthood. Consequently, future studies should note the variability of the types of a-CpGs, and the a-CpGs presented here should be dissociated from the environmental-sensitive CpG-sites or from regions that are associated with aging in a non-linear manner due to the accumulation of senescence-related features. This report offers detailed and verified pool of a-CpGs in which DNAmet levels associate linearly with chronological age and of which are different from the non-linearly changing ones.

Project description:ObjectiveSedentary behaviour may contribute to the development of obesity. We investigated the relations between different types of sedentary behaviour and adiposity markers in a well-characterised adult population after controlling for a wide range of potential confounders.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Multicenter Study. Participants Sedentary time (TV viewing, computer time, reading, music/radio listening and other relaxation) was assessed with a questionnaire for 1084 women and 909 men aged 30-45 years. Other study variables included occupational and leisure-time physical activity, sleep duration, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy intake, adherence to the recommended diet, multiple individual food items, age and genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI). Primary outcome measures BMI in kg/m(2) and waist circumference (WC in cm).ResultsOf the different sedentary behaviour types, TV viewing was most consistently related to higher BMI and WC, both in men and women. One additional daily TV hour was associated with a 1.81±0.44 cm larger WC in women and 2 cm±0.44 cm in men (both p<0.0001). The association with TV was diluted, but remained highly significant after adjustments with all measured covariates, including several potentially obesogenic food items associated with TV viewing. The intakes of food items such as sausage, beer and soft drinks were directly associated with TV viewing, while the intakes of oat and barley, fish, and fruits and berries were associated indirectly. After these adjustments, non-TV sedentary behaviour remained associated with adiposity indices only in women.ConclusionsOut of the different types of sedentary behaviour, TV viewing was most consistently associated with adiposity markers in adults. Partial dilution of these associations after adjustments for covariates suggests that the obesogenic effects of TV viewing are partly mediated by other lifestyle factors.

Project description:BackgroundChronological aging-associated changes in the human DNA methylome have been studied by multiple epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). Certain CpG sites have been identified as aging-associated in multiple studies, and the majority of the sites identified in various studies show common features regarding location and direction of the methylation change. However, as a whole, the sets of aging-associated CpGs identified in different studies, even with similar tissues and age ranges, show only limited overlap. In this study, we further explore and characterize CpG sites that show close relationship between their DNA methylation level and chronological age during adulthood and which bear the relationship regardless of blood cell type heterogeneity.ResultsIn this study, with a multivariable regression model adjusted for cell type heterogeneity, we identified 1202 aging-associated CpG sites (a-CpGs, FDR < 5%), in whole blood in a population with an especially narrow age range (40 - 49 years). Repeatedly reported a-CpGs located in genes ELOVL2, FHL2, PENK and KLF14 were also identified. Regions with aging-associated hypermethylation were enriched regarding several gene ontology (GO) terms (especially in the cluster of developmental processes), whereas hypomethylated sites showed no enrichment. The genes with higher numbers of a-CpG hits were more often hypermethylated with advancing age. The comparison analysis revealed that of the 1202 a-CpGs identified in the present study, 987 were identified as differentially methylated also between nonagenarians and young adults in a previous study (The Vitality 90+ study), and importantly, the directions of changes were identical in the previous and in the present study.ConclusionsHere we report that aging-associated DNA methylation features can be identified in a middle-aged population with an age range of only 9 years. A great majority of these sites have been previously reported as aging-associated in a population aged 19 to 90 years. Aging is associated with different types of changes in DNA methylation, clock-like as well as random. We speculate that the a-CpGs identified here in a population with a narrow age-range represent clock-like changes, as they showed concordant methylation behavior in population spanning whole adulthood as well.

Dataset Information

Intergenerational continuity of loneliness and potential mechanisms: Young Finns Multigenerational Study.

Publications

Intergenerational continuity of loneliness and potential mechanisms: Young Finns Multigenerational Study.

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