Genetic regulation of volatile production in two melon introgression line collections with contrasting ripening behavior
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10925849 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Introgression lines are valuable germplasm for scientists and breeders, since they ease genetic studies such as QTL interactions and positional cloning as well as the introduction of favorable alleles into elite varieties. We developed a novel introgression line collection in melon using two commercial European varieties with different ripening behavior, the climacteric cantalupensis 'Védrantais' as recurrent parent and the non-climacteric inodorus 'Piel de Sapo' as donor parent. The collection contains 34 introgression lines, covering 99% of the donor genome. The mean introgression size is 18.16 Mb and ~ 3 lines were obtained per chromosome, on average. The high segregation of these lines for multiple fruit quality traits allowed us to identify 27 QTLs that modified sugar content, altered fruit morphology or were involved in climacteric ripening. In addition, we confirmed the genomic location of five major genes previously described, which control mainly fruit appearance, such as mottled rind and external color. Most of the QTLs had been reported before in other populations sharing parental lines, while three QTLs (EAROQP11.3, ECDQP11.2 and FIRQP4.1) were newly detected in our work. These introgression lines would be useful to perform additional genetic studies, as fine mapping and gene pyramiding, especially for important complex traits such as fruit weight and climacteric ripening.
| S-EPMC8166866 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species, allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex trait with genetic approaches. We phenotyped a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), obtained by crossing a climacteric (Védrantais, cantalupensis type) and a non-climcteric variety (Piel de Sapo T111, inodorus type), for traits related to climacteric maturation and ethylene production. Individuals in the RIL population exhibited various combinations of phenotypes that differed in the amount of ethylene produced, the early onset of ethylene production, and other phenotypes associated with ripening. We characterized a major QTL on chromosome 8, ETHQV8.1, which is sufficient to activate climacteric ripening, and other minor QTLs that may modulate the climacteric response. The ETHQV8.1 allele was validated by using two reciprocal introgression line populations generated by crossing Védrantais and Piel de Sapo and analyzing the ETHQV8.1 region in each of the genetic backgrounds. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 211 accessions of the ssp. melo further identified two regions on chromosome 8 associated with the production of aromas, one of these regions overlapping with the 154.1 kb interval containing ETHQV8.1. The ETHQV8.1 region contains several candidate genes that may be related to fruit ripening. This work sheds light into the regulation mechanisms of a complex trait such as fruit ripening.
| S-EPMC7603510 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As the auxin-ethylene interaction in climacteric fruit ripening has been highlighted, the hormonal regulation of aroma changes in climacteric fruits requires clarification. The influence of both phytohormones on the volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolism was evaluated during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit ripening. Tomato fruits cv. Micro-Tom and Sweet Grape at the mature green stage were randomly grouped according to treatment with ethylene (ETHY), auxin (IAA), or both (ETHY + IAA). At middle ripening, Micro-Tom ETHY + IAA fruits present VOC profiles similar to those of ETHY fruits, while Sweet Grape presents VOC profiles closer to those of IAA fruits. At full ripeness, Micro-Tom and Sweet Grape ETHY + IAA fruits show profiles closer to those of IAA fruits, suggesting that the auxin overlaps the ethylene effects. Aroma compounds positively correlated with consumer preferences (2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and others) are identified in both cultivars and have their contents affected by both hormone treatments. The transcription of genes related to the biosynthesis of important tomato VOCs that have fatty-acid and carotenoid precursors evidences their regulation by both plant hormones. Additionally, the results indicate that the observed effects on the VOC metabolism are not restricted to the Micro-Tom cultivar, as these are also observed in the Sweet Grape cultivar. In conclusion, ethylene and auxin directly regulate the metabolic pathways related to VOC formation, impacting tomato aroma formation during ripening since Micro-Tom fruits apparently at the same maturation stage have different aromas.
| S-EPMC8702562 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A collection of 30 melon introgression lines (ILs) was developed from the wild accession Ames 24297 (TRI) into 'Piel de Sapo' (PS) genetic background. Each IL carried an average of 1.4 introgressions from TRI, and the introgressions represented 91.4% of the TRI genome. Twenty-two ILs, representing 75% of the TRI genome, were evaluated in greenhouse (Algarrobo and Meliana) and field (Alcàsser) trials, mainly to study traits related to domestication syndrome such as fruit weight (FW) and flesh content (FFP), as well as other fruit quality traits as fruit shape (FS), flesh firmness (FF), soluble solid concentration (SSC), rind color and abscission layer. The IL collection showed an impressive variation in size-related traits, with FW ranging from 800 to 4100 g, reflecting the strong effect of the wild genome on these traits. Most of the ILs produced smaller fruits compared with PS; however, unexpectedly, the IL TRI05-2 produced bigger fruits, likely due to new epistatic interacions with the PS genetic background. In contrast, the genotypic effect for FS was smaller, and few QTLs with notable effects were detected. Interestingly, variability was also observed for FFP, FF and SSC, rind color and abscission layer formation. Genes in these introgressions are candidates for having been involved in melon domestication and diversification as well. These results confirm that the TRI IL collection is a very powerful tool for mapping traits of agronomic interest in melon, allowing the confirmation of previously reported QTLs and the identification of new ones to better understand the domestication process of this crop.
| S-EPMC10298652 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effect of the QTL involved in climacteric ripening ETHQB3.5 on the fruit VOC composition was studied using a set of Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) containing overlapping introgressions from the Korean accession PI 16375 on the chromosome 3 in the climacteric 'Piel de Sapo' (PS) genetic background. ETHQB3.5 was mapped in an interval of 1.24 Mb that contained a NAC transcription factor. NIL fruits also showed differences in VOC composition belonging to acetate esters, non-acetate esters, and sulfur-derived families. Cosegregation of VOC composition (23 out of 48 total QTLs were mapped) and climacteric ripening was observed, suggesting a pleiotropic effect of ETHQB3.5. On the other hand, other VOCs (mainly alkanes, aldehydes, and ketones) showed a pattern of variation independent of ETHQB3.5 effects, indicating the presence of other genes controlling non-climacteric ripening VOCs. Network correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering found groups of highly correlated compounds and confirmed the involvement of the climacteric differences in compound classes and VOC differences. The modification of melon VOCs may be achieved with or without interfering with its physiological behavior, but it is likely that high relative concentrations of some type of ethylene-dependent esters could be achieved in climacteric cultivars.
| S-EPMC9858179 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fleshy fruits develop from an unripe organ that needs to be protected from damage to a ripe organ that attracts frugivores for seed dispersal through production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thus, different responses to wounding damage are predicted. The aim of this study was to discover whether wound-induced changes in the transcriptome and VOC production alter as tomato transitions from unripe to ripe. Transcript changes were analysed 3h post-wounding using microarray analysis in two commercial salad-tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars: Luna Rossa and AVG, chosen for their high aroma production. This was followed by quantitative PCR on Luna Rossa genes involved in VOC biosynthesis and defence responses. VOCs elicited by wounding at different ripening stages were analysed by solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Approximately 4000 differentially expressed genes were identified in the cultivar AVG and 2500 in Luna Rossa. In both cultivars the majority of genes were up-regulated and the most affected pathways were metabolism of terpenes, carotenoids, and lipids. Defence-related genes were mostly up-regulated in immature stages of development, whereas expression of genes related to VOCs changed at riper stages. More than 40 VOCs were detected and profiles changed with ripening stage. Thus, both transcriptome and VOC profiles elicited by wounding depend on stage of ripening, indicating a shift from defence to attraction.
| S-EPMC4339607 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lipoxygenases (LOXs) play important role in the synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which influence the aroma of fruit. In this study, we elucidate that there is a positive relationship between LOXs activity and VOC production in melon (Cucumis melo), and CmLOX genes are involved in fruit aroma generation in melon. To this end, we tested four aroma types of melon that feature a thin pericarp: two aromatic cultivars of the oriental melons (C. melo var. makuwa Makino), 'Yu Meiren' (YMR) and 'Cui Bao' (CB); a non-aromatic oriental pickling melon (C. melo var. conomon), 'Shao Gua' (SHAO); and a non-aromatic snake melon (C. melo L. var. flexuosus Naud), 'Cai Gua' (CAI). A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the aromas of SHAO and CAI are similar in nature because their ester contents are lower than those of YMR and CB. Ethyl acetate, benzyl acetate, (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienal and menthol are four principal volatile compounds that affect the aromatic characteristics of these four types of melons. The LOX activity and total ester content in YMR were the highest among the examined melon varieties. The expression patterns of 18 CmLOX genes were found to vary based on the aromatic nature of the melon. Four of them were highly expressed in YMR. Moreover, we treated the fruit disks of YMR with LOX substrates (linoleic acid and linolenic acid) and LOX inhibitors (n-propyl gallate and nordihydroguariaretic acid). Substrate application promoted LOX activity and induced accumulation of hexanal, (2E)-nonenal and straight-chain esters, such as ethyl acetate. In contrast, LOX inhibitors decreased the levels of these compounds. The effect of CmLOXs in the biosynthesis of esters in melons are discussed.
| S-EPMC4657985 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fruit ripening is influenced by multiple plant hormones and the regulation of genes. However, studies on posttranscriptional regulators (e.g., miRNAs) of fruit growth and ripening are limited. We used miRNA sequencing and degradome methods to identify miRNAs and their target genes in melon (Cucumis melo cv. Hetao melon). A total of 61 conserved miRNAs and 36 novel miRNAs were identified from fruit growth, ripening, climacteric, and postclimacteric developmental stage samples, of which 32 conserved miRNAs were differentially expressed between developmental stage samples. Sixty-two target genes of 43 conserved miRNAs and 1 novel miRNA were identified from degradome sequencing. To further investigate miRNA influencing fruit ripening, transgenic melon plants overexpressing pre-cme-miR393 (cme-miR393-OE) were generated and characterized. The results showed that fruit ripening was delayed in cme-miR393-OE transgenic lines compared to nontransgenic fruits. The target of cme-miR393 was also identified, and the expression of CmAFB2 was repressed in transgenic plants. These results provide evidence that miRNA regulates melon fruit ripening and provide potential targets to improve the horticultural traits of melon fruit.
| S-EPMC7327070 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fruit ripening is an important process that affects fruit quality. A QTL in melon, ETHQV6.3, involved in climacteric ripening regulation, has been found to be encoded by CmNAC-NOR, a homologue of the tomato NOR gene. To further investigate CmNAC-NOR function, we obtained two CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutants (nor-3 and nor-1) in the climacteric Védrantais background. nor-3, containing a 3-bp deletion altering the NAC domain A, resulted in ~8 days delay in ripening without affecting fruit quality. In contrast, the 1-bp deletion in nor-1 resulted in a fully disrupted NAC domain, which completely blocked climacteric ripening. The nor-1 fruits did not produce ethylene, no abscission layer was formed and there was no external color change. Additionally, volatile components were dramatically altered, seeds were not well developed and flesh firmness was also altered. There was a delay in fruit ripening with the nor-1 allele in heterozygosis of ~20 days. Our results provide new information regarding the function of CmNAC-NOR in melon fruit ripening, suggesting that it is a potential target for modulating shelf life in commercial climacteric melon varieties.
| S-EPMC9226586 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To investigate transcript abundance of flavor-associated genes in fatty acid and amino acid pathways after chilling. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of 3 different treatments [(A) stored at 4°C for 7 d (without chilling injury), and then transferred to room temperature (~22°C) for 1 d; (B) held at 4°C for 8 d until use (without chilling injury); (C) harvested on day 8 (8 d after the fruits of first two groups). Three replicates of each group were performed, and each replicate has three fruits)].
2023-01-06 | GSE220934 | GEO