Physiological Synchrony of the Broad Bean Weevil, Bruchus rufimanus Boh., to the Host Plant Phenology, Vicia faba L.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hamidi R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10926550 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the major food legume crop in Tunisia. However, its growth and yield is strongly affected by water-limited environments. In this study, osmotic stress exhibited a negative effect on Bachar and Badii cultivar. Nevertheless, the deteriorating effects of osmotic stress were relatively low on studied parameters of Bachar due to its better efficiency to reduce oxidative damage by increasing enzymatic activities such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Chlt), soluble sugars and leaf relative water content (RWC). GC-MS analysis determined a total of 11 soluble carbohydrates induced by osmotic stress and differentially accumulated in the both cultivars. Bachar showed elevated levels of mannose, glucose, galactose, ribose, rhamnose and myo-inositol which might help to maintain osmotic adjustment, membranes and proteins protection from the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species. Sugar metabolism related genes (VfNINV3, VfPHS2, VfFRK4, VfHXK1, VfGPI1, VfSTP1.1, VfpGlcT1.1, VfSTP5.1, VfpGlcT1.2, VfSWEET2.1, VfVINV2, VfSUS1, VfPGM1, VfSUT1.1, VfGPT1, VfSPS1, VfSPP1, VfPHS1, VfSUT4.1 and VfTMT1.1) were differentially expressed in both cultivars demonstrating their important roles in sugar accumulation. Most of these genes were upregulated in the leaves of Bachar under moderate and severe stress, which could lead to increase glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in order to accelerate energy production, necessary to increase osmotic regulation and consequently enhancing the osmotic stress tolerance in that cultivar. Overall, sugars accumulation ability can be used as a useful indicator for the osmotic stress tolerant potential in faba bean breeding programs.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00935-1).
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Project description:1. dl-2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)glycine was resolved through the bromocamphorsulphonate to give its d-isomer. The N-carbamoyl derivatives of these amino acids were synthesized. Circular-dichroism studies on these and related compounds, reported in a deposited Annex, helped to establish the optical configuration. 2. N-Carbamoyl-dl-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)glycine was isolated from broad-bean leaves. It amounted to about 0.1% of the leaf dry matter. Racemization may or may not have occurred during the isolation. There were indications of the same compound in chicory and in savoy cabbage. Under weakly acidic conditions it was converted gradually into 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)hydantoin. Both these compounds yielded 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)glycine on acid hydrolysis. 3. The occurrence is discussed of 2-phenylglycine derivatives in Nature and of N-carbamoyl-amino acids and hydantoins in plants. 4. Gradient elution from anion-exchange resin with acetic acid, besides proving useful for the present work, gave useful separations of pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid and of some N-acetyl-amino acids. 5. Supplementary material (Annex 1: details of experimental work other than ultraviolet and circular-dichroism spectra; Annex 2: ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism of d-2-phenylglycine and some related compounds) has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50003 at the National Lending Library for Science and Technology, Boston Spa, Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1971), 121, 7.
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Project description:Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important crop worldwide. An increase in seed yield would increase both the grain reserve and the profit for farmers. Previous studies on increasing broad bean seed yield have focused mainly on increases at the whole population level. Few studies have focused on the differences in plant type within populations. In this study, we classified broad bean plants into four categories based on pod type, and then evaluated the ratio of each category in field-grown broad bean populations. We analysed the seed and pod characteristics of each category, and their contributions to total seed yield. The number of seeds per pod, and the number of pods or seeds per plant differed among the four plant categories, but the seed weight was relatively uniform. There were significant differences in seed yield per plant among the four plant categories. We calculated the effects of increasing the proportion of each plant category by 10% or to 100% on seed yield, and found that seed yield could be improved by increasing the ratio of plants with the highest seed production rate. This study provides a novel perspective on estimating the seed yield of broad bean.
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Project description:The protein subunit is the most important basic unit of protein, and its study can unravel the structure and function of seed storage proteins in faba bean. In this study, we identified six specific protein subunits in Faba bean (cv. Qinghai 13) combining liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography-electronic spray ionization mass (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and bio-information technology. The results suggested a diversity of seed storage proteins in faba bean, and a total of 16 proteins (four GroEL molecular chaperones and 12 plant-specific proteins) were identified from 97-, 96-, 64-, 47-, 42-, and 38-kD-specific protein subunits in faba bean based on the peptide sequence. We also analyzed the composition and abundance of the amino acids, the physicochemical characteristics, secondary structure, three-dimensional structure, transmembrane domain, and possible subcellular localization of these identified proteins in faba bean seed, and finally predicted function and structure. The three-dimensional structures were generated based on homologous modeling, and the protein function was analyzed based on the annotation from the non-redundant protein database (NR database, NCBI) and function analysis of optimal modeling. The objective of this study was to identify the seed storage proteins in faba bean and confirm the structure and function of these proteins. Our results can be useful for the study of protein nutrition and achieve breeding goals for optimal protein quality in faba bean.
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Project description:Vernalization is classically defined as the induction of flowering process by exposure of the plants to a prolonged cold condition. Normally, it is considered as a precondition of flowering. Vicia faba, commonly known as faba bean, belongs to family Fabaceae. It is one of the plant species that has been cultivated in the earliest human settlements. In this study, an iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomic analysis has been conducted to compare the vernalized faba bean seedlings and its corresponding control. In total, 91 proteins from various functional categories were observed to be differentially accumulated in vernalized faba bean seedlings. Subsequent gene ontology analysis indicated that several biological processes or metabolic pathways including photosynthesis and phytic acid metabolism were differentially respond to vernalization in comparison to the control sample. Further investigation revealed that a family of proteins nominated as glycine-rich RNA-binding factor was accumulated in vernalized seedlings, indicating an extra layer of regulation by alternative splicing on transcript abundance in response to vernalization. These findings raise a possibility that these candidate proteins could be important to represent the responsive network under vernalization process. Therefore, we propose that the regulation of vernalization in faba bean not only occurs at the transcriptional level as previously reported, but also at the post-transcriptional level.
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Project description:Faba bean is a nutritionally and medicinally rich popular legume crop. However, vicine-convicine remain as potential threats for "favism" in human beings. In this study, 189 diverse faba bean accessions have been evaluated for yield component traits and vicine content in seeds followed by a correlation study. Combined genetic variability analysis shows that traits like days to pod initiation (DPI), pod length (PL), test weight (TW) and grain yield have minimally been influenced by the environment. PCA revealed that TW, PL and PW were the primary indicators for deciding yield performance. LC-MS/MS confirms that vicine concentration varied in between 3.489 and 10.025 g/kg and a significant positive correlation (0.40***) was observed between vicine conc. and grain yield of faba bean. Thus, present study demonstrated that the faba bean genotypes containing lower vicine were mostly poor yielding, which might be regulated by vicine in faba bean. Therefore, complete elimination of vicine or development of near-zero vicine faba bean could drastically reduce the yield potential of the crop, hence one has to be very cautious and follow efficient selection strategies while optimizing lower concentration of vicine for development of low vicine varieties. This study shows that faba bean genotypes containing 4.0-5.5 g/kg vicine were fairly productive and also have considerably lower vicine.
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Project description:A major objective in faba bean breeding is to improve its protein quality by selecting cultivars with enhanced desirable physicochemical properties. However, the protein composition of the mature seed is determined by a series of biological processes occurring during seed growth. Thus, any attempt to explain the final seed composition must consider the dynamics of the seed proteome during seed development. Here, we investigated the proteomic profile of developing faba bean seeds across 12 growth stages from 20 days after pollination (DAP) to full maturity. We analyzed trypsin-digested total protein extracts from the seeds at different growth stages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), identifying 1217 proteins. The functional clusters of these proteins showed that, in early growth stages, proteins related to cell growth, division, and metabolism were most abundant compared to seed storage proteins that began to accumulate from 45 DAP. Moreover, label-free quantification of the relative abundance of seed proteins, including important globulin proteins, revealed several distinct temporal accumulation trends among the protein classes. These results suggest that these proteins are regulated differently and require further understanding of the impact of the different environmental stresses occurring at different grain filling stages on the expression and accumulation of these seed storage proteins.
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