Dataset Information

Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Rabbit Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cytokines, Gut-Vascular Barrier, and Red-Ox-Related Molecules in the Gut Wall.

ABSTRACT: Rabbits, pivotal in the EU as livestock, pets, and experimental animals, face bacterial infection challenges, prompting a quest for alternatives to curb antibiotic resistance. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in immunoregulatory compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors, is explored for disease treatment and prevention. This study assesses BC diet supplementation effects on rabbit intestines, examining gene expression. Thirty female New Zealand White rabbits at weaning (35 days) were divided into three experimental groups: control (commercial feed), 2.5% BC, and 5% BC. The diets were administered until slaughtering (81 days). BC-upregulated genes in the jejunum included IL-8, TGF-β, and CTNN-β1 at 5% BC, while PLVAP at 2.5% BC. Antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, GSR) were downregulated in the cecum and colon with 2.5% BC. BC 5% promoted IL-8 in the jejunum, fostering inflammation and immune cell migration. It also induced genes regulating inflammatory responses (TGF-β) and gastrointestinal permeability (CTNN-β1). BC 5% enhanced antioxidant activity in the cecum and colon, but no significant impact on anti-myxo antibody production was observed. These results suggest that BC has significant effects on the rabbit gastrointestinal tract's inflammatory and antioxidant response, but further research is required to fully understand its histological and physiological impact.

SUBMITTER: Riva F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10930591 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Rabbit Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cytokines, Gut-Vascular Barrier, and Red-Ox-Related Molecules in the Gut Wall.

Riva Federica F Draghi Susanna S Inglesi Alessia A Filipe Joel J Cremonesi Paola P Lavazza Antonio A Cavadini Patrizia P Vigo Daniele D Agradi Stella S Menchetti Laura L Di Giancamillo Alessia A Aidos Lucia L Modina Silvia Clotilde SC Fehri Nour Elhouda NE Pastorelli Grazia G Serra Valentina V Balzaretti Claudia Maria CM Castrica Marta M Severgnini Marco M Brecchia Gabriele G Curone Giulio G

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20240304 5

Rabbits, pivotal in the EU as livestock, pets, and experimental animals, face bacterial infection challenges, prompting a quest for alternatives to curb antibiotic resistance. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in immunoregulatory compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors, is explored for disease treatment and prevention. This study assesses BC diet supplementation effects on rabbit intestines, examining gene expression. Thirty female New Zealand White rabbits at weaning (35 days) were divi ...[more]

PMID: 38473185

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Project description:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder for which the current medical therapy is not completely effective. Bovine colostrum (BC) is a biological fluid rich in bioactive molecules that may have beneficial effects on several gastrointestinal disorders. The objectives of this study were to assess the preventive effects of BC supplementation in a mouse model of 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis using a multidisciplinary approach. Specifically, the following parameters were evaluated: (i) disease activity index (DAI), (ii) histological score, (iii) expression levels of TLR4, anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and (iv) count of some bacterial species of the intestinal microbiota. Mice received a daily suspension of BC (BC group, n = 12) or saline solution (control, CN group, n = 12) for 21 days before the intrarectal inoculation with 1% of TNBS solution. BC was well tolerated and did not induce any histological damage or clinical symptoms. After TNBS treatment, BC group showed a reduction of body weight (BW) loss (P<0.01) and histological score (P<0.05) compared to CN. Moreover, the expression levels of TLR4 (P<0.05), IL-1β (P<0.001), IL-8 (P<0.001), and IL-10 (P<0.001) were lower in mice administered with BC, while the concentrations of TNF-α did not show any differences between groups. Finally, the supplementation with BC resulted in a differential response to TNBS treatment in the bacterial count. In CN group, E. coli and Enterococci increased (P<0.001), while Anaerobes (P<0.01), Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria (P<0.001) reduced. Conversely, no significant changes in bacterial load were found after the inoculation of TNBS in BC pre-treated mice. This study confirms that TNBS-induced colitis model in mice is useful for studying the mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis and shows that pre-treatment with BC reduces the intestinal damages and clinical signs of the colitis. Molecular mechanisms and intestinal microflora could be involved in the protective effect of colostrum.

Project description:BackgroundAlthough there are studies on colostrum and milk proteomics of different species in the literature, there is no published report about different quality bovine colostrums' proteomics.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the proteome content of high- and low-quality bovine colostrums for the first time.MethodsColostrum samples were collected from 32 Holstein cows from the same farm that had just calved. Brix% levels of colostrums were measured, and then, those with a Brix% value of ≥27% were classified as high-quality and those with a Brix% value of ˂22% as low-quality. Three samples from high-quality and low-quality colostrums were selected and proteomic analyses were performed by pooling separately.ResultsTotally 95 proteins were identified in the colostrums, and 19 of them showed significant changes between high- and low-quality colostrums. Expressions in colostrum of glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1, cofilin-1, alpha-S2-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, actin_cytoplasmic-1, nucleobindin-1, cathelicidin-4, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, chitinase-3-like protein 1 and monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 were lower, whereas tetranectin, secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1), perilipin-2, coatomer subunit epsilon (COPE), butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1, polyubiquitin-B, lactadherin and albumin levels were higher in high-quality colostrum than low-quality colostrum. Moreover, SFRP1, COPE and cathelicidin-4 proteins were identified for the first time in bovine colostrum. In high-quality colostrum, the most prominently down-regulated proteins were cathelicidin-4 (26.01-fold) and cofilin-1 (17.42-fold), and the most prominently up-regulated proteins were COPE (3.37-fold) and tetranectin (3.07-fold).ConclusionsIt was detected that the proteome contents of high- and low-quality bovine colostrums were different from each other. As new functions are added to the protein databases regarding these proteins detected in colostrums, the interactions of proteins with each other and with other molecules will be detailed and the effects of high-quality colostrums on passive transfer immunity and calf health will be understood in full detail.

Project description:The intestinal barrier comprises a single layer of epithelial cells tightly joined to form a physical barrier. Disruption or compromise of the intestinal barrier can lead to the inadvertent activation of immune cells, potentially causing an increased risk of chronic inflammation in various tissues. Recent research has suggested that specific dietary components may influence the function of the intestinal barrier, potentially offering a means to prevent or mitigate inflammatory disorders. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk from cows after calving, is a natural source of nutrients with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier fortifying properties. This novel study sought to investigate the transcriptome in BC-treated Zonulin transgenic mice (Ztm), characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, intestinal hyperpermeability, and mild hyperactivity, applying RNA sequencing. Seventy-five tissue samples from the duodenum, colon, and brain of Ztm and wild-type (WT) mice were dissected, processed, and RNA sequenced. The expression profiles were analyzed and integrated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). These were then further examined using bioinformatics tools. RNA-seq analysis identified 1298 DEGs and 20,952 DETs in the paired (Ztm treatment vs. Ztm control) and reference (WT controls) groups. Of these, 733 DEGs and 10,476 DETs were upregulated, while 565 DEGs and 6097 DETs were downregulated. BC-treated Ztm female mice showed significant upregulation of cingulin (Cgn) and claudin 12 (Cldn12) duodenum and protein interactions, as well as molecular pathways and interactions pertaining to tight junctions, while BC-treated Ztm males displayed an upregulation of transcripts like occludin (Ocln) and Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Arhgf2) and cellular structures and interfaces, protein-protein interactions, and organization and response mechanisms. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of BC treatment on tight junctions (TJs) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway gene expressions. The present study is the first to analyze intestinal and brain samples from BC-treated Ztm mice applying high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed molecular interaction in intestinal barrier function and identified hub genes and their functional pathways and biological processes in response to BC treatment in Ztm mice. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for dietary interventions aimed at improving intestinal barrier integrity and function. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).

Project description:BackgroundThe omnipresence of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous goods has led to a constant risk of exposure and inadvertent uptake for humans. This situation calls for thorough investigation of the consequences of NP intake. As the vast mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract represents an attractive site of entry, we wanted to take a look on the fate that ingested NPs suffer in the gut. As a model to investigate NP uptake we used the isolated perfused rat small intestine. Differently sized fluorescent latex particles were used as exemplary anthropogenic NPs.ResultsThe particles were administered as bolus into the isolated intestine, and samples from the luminal, vascular and lymphatic compartments were collected over time. NP amounts in the different fluids were determined by fluorescence measurements. No particles could be detected in the vascular and lymphatic system. By contrast a major amount of NPs was found in luminal samples. Yet, a substantial share of particles could not be recovered in the fluid fractions, indicating a sink function of the intestinal tissue for NPs. A histological examination of the gut revealed that virtually no particles adhered to the epithelium or resided in the tissue, the bulk of particles seemed to be trapped in the mucus lining the gut tube. When this mucus was dissolved and removed from the gut almost the entire amount of particles missing could be recovered: over 95% of the given NPs were present in the two fractions, the luminal samples and the dissolved mucus. To foster NP uptake via an extended interaction time with the epithelium, the intestinal peristalsis was decelerated and the duration of the experiment was prolonged. Even under those conditions, no particle fluorescence was detected in the vascular and lymphatic samples.ConclusionWe could show that after intestinal exposure with a large dose of NPs the vast majority of NPs did obviously not come into contact with the epithelium but was either directly discarded from the gut or trapped in mucus. The healthy small intestinal tract evidently provides an effective barrier against NP uptake whereby the mucus film seems to play an important role.

Dataset Information

Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Rabbit Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cytokines, Gut-Vascular Barrier, and Red-Ox-Related Molecules in the Gut Wall.

Publications

Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Rabbit Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cytokines, Gut-Vascular Barrier, and Red-Ox-Related Molecules in the Gut Wall.

Similar Datasets

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