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Poincare sphere trajectory encoding metasurfaces based on generalized Malus' law.

ABSTRACT: As a fundamental property of light, polarization serves as an excellent information encoding carrier, playing significant roles in many optical applications, including liquid crystal displays, polarization imaging, optical computation and encryption. However, conventional polarization information encoding schemes based on Malus' law usually consider 1D polarization projections on a linear basis, implying that their encoding flexibility is largely limited. Here, we propose a Poincaré sphere (PS) trajectory encoding approach with metasurfaces that leverages a generalized form of Malus' law governing universal 2D projections between arbitrary elliptical polarization pairs spanning the entire PS. Arbitrary polarization encodings are realized by engineering PS trajectories governed by either arbitrary analytic functions or aligned modulation grids of interest, leading to versatile polarization image transformation functionalities, including histogram stretching, thresholding and image encryption within non-orthogonal PS loci. Our work significantly expands the encoding dimensionality of polarization information, unveiling new opportunities for metasurfaces in polarization optics for both quantum and classical regimes.

SUBMITTER: Deng ZL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10944530 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Poincaré sphere trajectory encoding metasurfaces based on generalized Malus' law.

Deng Zi-Lan ZL Hu Meng-Xia MX Qiu Shanfeng S Wu Xianfeng X Overvig Adam A Li Xiangping X Alù Andrea A

Nature communications 20240316 1

As a fundamental property of light, polarization serves as an excellent information encoding carrier, playing significant roles in many optical applications, including liquid crystal displays, polarization imaging, optical computation and encryption. However, conventional polarization information encoding schemes based on Malus' law usually consider 1D polarization projections on a linear basis, implying that their encoding flexibility is largely limited. Here, we propose a Poincaré sphere (PS) ...[more]

PMID: 38493161

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Project description:SignificanceBiological tissues are typically characterized by high anisotropic scattering and may also exhibit linear form birefringence. Both scattering and birefringence bias the phase shift between transverse electric field components of polarized light. These phase alterations are associated with particular structural malformations in the tissue. In fact, the majority of polarization-based techniques are unable to distinguish the nature of the phase shift induced by birefringence or scattering of light.AimWe explore the distinct contributions of scattering and birefringence in the phase retardation of circularly polarized light propagated in turbid tissue-like scattering medium.ApproachThe circularly polarized light in frame of Stokes polarimetry approach is used for the screening of biotissue phantoms and chicken skin samples. The change of optical properties in chicken skin is accomplished by optical clearing, which reduces scattering, and mechanical stretch, which induces birefringence. The change of optical properties of skin tissue is confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements and second-harmonic generation imaging.ResultsThe contributions of scattering and birefringence in the phase retardation of circularly polarized light propagated in biological tissues are distinguished by the locus of the Stokes vector mapped on the Poincaré sphere. The phase retardation of circularly polarized light due to scattering alterations is assessed. The value of birefringence in chicken skin is estimated as 0.3 × 10-3, which agrees with alternative studies. The change of birefringence of skin tissue due to mechanical stretch in the order of 10-6 is detected.ConclusionsWhile the polarimetric parameters on their own do not allow distinguishing the contributions of scattering and birefringence, the resultant Stokes vector trajectory on the Poincaré sphere reveals the role of scattering and birefringence in the total phase retardation. The described approach, applied independently or in combination with Mueller polarimetry, can be beneficial for the advanced characterization of various types of malformations within biological tissues.

Dataset Information

Poincare sphere trajectory encoding metasurfaces based on generalized Malus' law.

Publications

Poincaré sphere trajectory encoding metasurfaces based on generalized Malus' law.

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