Dataset Information

Concussion and Academic Impairment Among U.S. High School Students.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Sports and physical activities are a frequent cause of traumatic brain injury, primarily concussions, among adolescents. These concussions may adversely affect students' ability to learn and impair academic achievement in educational settings.

Methods

The 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted among a nationally representative sample of 14,765 U.S. high school students, was analyzed in 2018 to examine associations between self-reported sports- and physical activity-related concussions and symptoms of cognitive impairment (difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions) and self-reported academic grades (mostly A's=4.0, mostly B's=3.0, mostly C's=2.0, mostly D's=1.0, mostly F's=0.0). Adjusted prevalence ratio and the difference in self-reported estimated grade point average were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and athlete status (participation on sports teams) and considered statistically significant if p<0.05.

Results

Male students were more likely than female students (17.1% vs 13.0%), and athletes were more likely than nonathletes (21.4% vs 7.6%) to have a self-reported sports- and physical activity-related concussion in the 12 months preceding the survey. Students with a reported sports- and physical activity-related concussion were more likely than students without one to report symptoms of cognitive impairment regardless of whether they were male (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.49), female (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.37), athletes (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.45), or nonathletes (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.42). Self-reported grade point averagedecreased significantly from 3.14 among students who reported no concussions (referent), to 3.04 among students who reported a single concussion, and 2.81 among students who reported ≥2 concussions.

Conclusions

School-based programs are needed to monitor students' academic performance and provide educational support and resources to promote academic success following a concussion.

SUBMITTER: Lowry R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10956705 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Concussion and Academic Impairment Among U.S. High School Students.

Lowry Richard R Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet K JK Breiding Matthew J MJ Thigpen Sally S Rasberry Catherine N CN Lee Sarah M SM

American journal of preventive medicine 20191201 6

<h4>Introduction</h4>Sports and physical activities are a frequent cause of traumatic brain injury, primarily concussions, among adolescents. These concussions may adversely affect students' ability to learn and impair academic achievement in educational settings.<h4>Methods</h4>The 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted among a nationally representative sample of 14,765 U.S. high school students, was analyzed in 2018 to examine associations between self-reported sports- and physical activit ...[more]

PMID: 31753255

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Project description:While awareness and understanding of concussion have improved drastically, post-concussion management in academic settings is still at its infancy. The aim of the study was to examine to what extent concussion influences academic performance and to whether there would be a difference in concussion effects on academic performance between high school and college students. This cross-sectional survey study included students, who were between 14 and 24 years old and sustained a sport-related concussion within the previous year. The study used a modified chain-referral sampling method, by distributing a questionnaire link to 3,000 randomly stratified athletic trainers, who worked in high school or college settings. These athletic trainers were then asked to forward the questionnaire link to students in their team, who have sustained a concussion within the previous year. The questionnaire recorded responses regarding demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, number of previous concussions); 22 concussion-related symptoms in a binary scale (presence/absence); perception of difficulties in math, reading, writing, computer use, and attention in a 5-point Likert scale; and asymptomatic duration of academic engagement in a 7-point Likert scale. There were 130 respondents with a history of concussion in the past year (n = 59 high school, n = 71 college). While recovering from concussion, significantly more college students (84.5%) reported "difficulty concentrating" than high school students (68.6%: p = 0.049). High -school students experienced more difficulty with math than college students (p = 0.002), whereas college students experienced more difficulty with reading (p = 0.013) and computer use (p = 0.026) than high school students. Asymptomatic duration of cognitive activity was influenced by age (p = 0.0004), where younger students were less tolerant in performing academic tasks after a concussion than older students. Our data indicate that concussions can induce negative symptoms in the academic setting regardless of age. The post-concussion difficulties in academic performance may be a grade-dependent manner, where concussions triggered difficulty in math among high school students and in reading and computer use among college students. It is clear that there is a need for guidelines and accommodations to support students with concussion in academic settings, and the guideline should reflect the age-dependent response to concussions.

Project description:Highlights • The lifetime NMPOU was 15%, and ranged from 9% to 23% across states.• Nearly half the students who reported lifetime NMPOU also reported recent use.• There were modest differences in lifetime and recent NMPOU among girls and boys.• Recent NMPOU was associated with past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use. Background Lifetime prevalence of non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) among adolescents exceeds 10%. Building on that work, we estimate lifetime and recent (i.e., past 30-day) NMPOU and examine associations with alcohol and cannabis use. Methods We used 2019 YRBS data from 38 states with a question on lifetime NMPOU (n = 151,910), a subsample of 8 states also inquired about recent NMPOU (n = 28,439). We estimated the prevalence and frequency of NMPOU for boys and girls in each state. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) representing recent NMPOU in association with alcohol and cannabis use adjusting for state, race/ethnicity, and grade. Results The prevalence of lifetime NMPOU ranged from 9.4% to 22.7% for girls and 8.6% to 23.2% for boys; significant sex difference in Florida. Recent NMPOU among lifetime users ranged from 33.0% to 50.7% for girls and 40.7% to 52.3% for boys, no significant sex differences. Students reporting recent NMPOU had significantly higher odds of recent alcohol (OR: 5.1, 95% CI: 4.3–6.1) and cannabis use (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 2.8–4.8). Higher frequency (1–2 and ≥ 3 times vs. 0 times) of NMPOU had significantly greater odds of alcohol (3–9-fold) and cannabis use (3–5-fold). The magnitude of association was higher for boys compared to girls. Conclusion The prevalence of recent NMPOU among lifetime users is high and is associated with alcohol and cannabis use. NMPOU can be a steppingstone towards other forms of opioid use therefore, opioid prevention programs should emphasize prescription drug misuse and consider socio-contextual and geographical variations.

Dataset Information

Concussion and Academic Impairment Among U.S. High School Students.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Concussion and Academic Impairment Among U.S. High School Students.

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