Dataset Information

Antibody response to four doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an observational study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Antibody responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are reduced among immunocompromised patients but are not well quantified among people with rare disease. We conducted an observational study to evaluate the antibody responses to the booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD).

Methods

Blood samples were collected after second, before third, after third and after fourth vaccine doses. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels were measured using an in-house ELISA. Logistic regression models were built to determine the predictors for non-response. Results were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Results

Forty-three people with RAIRD were included, with a median age of 56 years. Anti-spike seropositivity increased from 42.9% after second dose to 51.2% after third dose and 65.6% after fourth dose. Median anti-spike antibody levels increased from 33.6 (interquartile range 7.8-724.5) binding antibody units after second dose to 239.4 (interquartile range 35.8-1051.1) binding antibody units after the booster dose (third dose, or fourth dose if eligible). Of the participants who had sufficient antibody levels post-second dose, 22.2% had insufficient levels after the booster, and 34.9% of participants had lower antibodies after the booster than the lowest healthy control had after the second dose. Rituximab in the 6 months prior to booster (P = 0.02) and non-White ethnicity (P = 0.04) were associated with non-response. There was a dose-response relationship between the timing of rituximab and generation of sufficient antibodies (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Although the booster dose increased anti-spike IgG and seropositivity rates, some people with RAIRD, particularly those on rituximab, had insufficient antibody levels despite three or four doses.

SUBMITTER: Gumber L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10956718 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Antibody response to four doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an observational study.

Gumber Leher L Jackson Hannah H Gomez Nancy N Hopkins Georgina G Tucis Davis D Chakravorty Mithun M Tighe Patrick P Grainge Matthew J MJ Rutter Megan M Ferraro Alastair A Power Sheila S Pradère Marie-Josèphe MJ Lanyon Peter C PC Pearce Fiona A FA Fairclough Lucy L

Rheumatology advances in practice 20231111 3

<h4>Objective</h4>Antibody responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are reduced among immunocompromised patients but are not well quantified among people with rare disease. We conducted an observational study to evaluate the antibody responses to the booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD).<h4>Methods</h4>Blood samples were collected after second, before third, after third and after fourth vaccine doses. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocaps ...[more]

PMID: 38515961

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundDifferences in humoral immunity to coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), between children and adults remain unexplained, and the effect of underlying immune dysfunction or suppression is unknown. Here, we sought to examine the antibody immune competence of children and adolescents with prevalent inflammatory rheumatic diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) against the seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 that frequently infects this age group.MethodsSera were collected from JIA (n = 118), JDM (n = 49), and JSLE (n = 30) patients and from healthy control (n = 54) children and adolescents prior to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. We used sensitive flow-cytometry-based assays to determine titers of antibodies that reacted with the spike and nucleoprotein of HCoV-OC43 and cross-reacted with the spike and nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and we compared them with respective titers in sera from patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents (MIS-C).FindingsDespite immune dysfunction and immunosuppressive treatment, JIA, JDM, and JSLE patients maintained comparable or stronger humoral responses than healthier peers, which was dominated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to HCoV-OC43 spike, and harbored IgG antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 spike. In contrast, responses to HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoproteins exhibited delayed age-dependent class-switching and were not elevated in JIA, JDM, and JSLE patients, which argues against increased exposure.ConclusionsConsequently, autoimmune rheumatic diseases and their treatment were associated with a favorable ratio of spike to nucleoprotein antibodies.FundingThis work was supported by a Centre of Excellence Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis grant, 21593, UKRI funding reference MR/R013926/1, the Great Ormond Street Children's Charity, Cure JM Foundation, Myositis UK, Lupus UK, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centres at GOSH and UCLH. This work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust.

Dataset Information

Antibody response to four doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an observational study.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Antibody response to four doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an observational study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets